Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40060381›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2025

Global burden of chronic kidney disease due to diabetes mellitus, 1990-2021, and projections to 2050.

Xiao Ma, Rong Liu, Xiang Xi, Hui Zhuo, Yiwei Gu

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Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
56citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

56 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Xiao MaDepartment of Urology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Rong LiuDepartment of Urology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Xiang XiDepartment of Urology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Hui ZhuoDepartment of Urology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Yiwei GuDepartment of Urology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a serious complication of diabetes, and the global burden of the disease is gradually increasing. Methods: This study systematically analyzed the trends and future projections of the worldwide burden of chronic kidney disease caused by type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus based on the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) using data from 1990 to 2021. Number of deaths, Age-standardized mortality rates, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and age-standardized DALYs rate were used to estimate the disease burden. The study used Estimated Annual Percentage Changes (EAPCs) to calculate trends in the burden of each disease subtype and different regions and assessed the impact of various age groups and metabolic factors on chronic kidney disease due to diabetes. The ARIMA model was further used to predict the burden of Diabetic nephropathy from 2022 to 2050. Results: The results of the study showed that the burden of Diabetic nephropathy and its EAPCs varied significantly in distribution across different Sociodemographic Index subgroups of countries as well as among 204 countries and regions worldwide. In addition, the influence of different age groups and metabolic factors on the burden of Diabetic nephropathy also showed significant variability. The effects of metabolic factors on the number of deaths and mortality were positively correlated with age. Different metabolic factors have different effects on the mortality of CKD due to type 1 diabetes and CKD due to type 2 diabetes. The ARIMA model predicts that the global burden of Diabetic nephropathy will continue to increase in the absence of interventions. Conclusions: To effectively manage CKD caused by diabetes, more accurate and cost-effective diagnostic tools and interventions are needed in the future, especially in low - and middle-income countries with poor healthcare resources.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Diabetic NephropathiesGlobal Burden of DiseaseRenal Insufficiency, ChronicAdolescentAdultAgedCost of IllnessDisability-Adjusted Life YearsFemaleGlobal HealthHumansMaleMiddle AgedQuality-Adjusted Life Yearschronic kidney diseasediabetes mellitusdiabetic nephropathyglobal disease burdenhealth inequalityyears lived with disability

Identifiers

PMID40060381
PMCPMC11885120

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.