MolGene-E: Inverse Molecular Design to Modulate Single Cell Transcriptomics.

Designing drugs that can restore a diseased cell to its healthy state is an emerging approach in systems pharmacology to address medical needs that conventional target-based drug discovery paradigms have failed to meet. Single-cell transcriptomics can comprehensively map the differences between diseased and healthy cellular states, making it a valuable technique for systems pharmacology. However, single-cell omics data is noisy, heterogeneous, scarce, and high-dimensional. As a result, no machine learning methods currently exist to use single-cell omics data to design new drug molecules. We have developed a new deep generative framework named MolGene-E to tackle this challenge. MolGene-E combines two novel models: 1) a cross-modal model that can harmonize and denoise chemical-perturbed bulk and single-cell transcriptomics data, and 2) a contrastive learning-based generative model that can generate new molecules based on the transcriptomics data. MolGene-E consistently outperforms baseline methods in generating high-quality, hit-like molecules from gene expression profiles obtained from single-cell datasets as validated by target knock-out experiments using CRISPR. This superior performance is demonstrated across diverse