Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40061878›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of nanomedicine2025

The Influence of the AgNPs Ligand on the Antiviral Activity Against HSV-2.

Emilia Tomaszewska, Katarzyna Bednarczyk, Martyna Janicka, Marcin Chodkowski, Malgorzata Krzyzowska, Grzegorz Celichowski, Jarosław Grobelny, Katarzyna Ranoszek-Soliwoda

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Article in International journal of nanomedicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Gellan Gum/Alginate Films Containing BiogenicMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Emilia TomaszewskaUniversity of Lodz, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry, Lodz, 90-236, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-5456-8783
Katarzyna BednarczykUniversity of Lodz, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry, Lodz, 90-236, Poland.
Martyna JanickaMilitary Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Laboratory of Nanobiology and Biomaterials, Warsaw, 01-063, Poland.
Marcin ChodkowskiMilitary Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Laboratory of Nanobiology and Biomaterials, Warsaw, 01-063, Poland.
Malgorzata KrzyzowskaMilitary Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Laboratory of Nanobiology and Biomaterials, Warsaw, 01-063, Poland.
Grzegorz CelichowskiUniversity of Lodz, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry, Lodz, 90-236, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-1624-3088
Jarosław GrobelnyUniversity of Lodz, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry, Lodz, 90-236, Poland.
Katarzyna Ranoszek-SoliwodaUniversity of Lodz, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry, Lodz, 90-236, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-8522-3593

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: In this paper, we discuss the influence of the ligand type present on the surface of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on its affinity to the virus surface and its virucidal activity against herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). We selected four different ligands, which potentially exhibit different affinity to the HSV-2 virus surface and used them for functionalization of AgNPs: i) sodium citrate: ii) tannic acid; iii) 1-mercaptoundecane-1-sulfonate (MUS); iv) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). Methods: The antiviral activity was performed by in vitro Vero cell culture. Anti- inflammatory activity was performed by measurement of NF-κB activity. The antiviral potential of functional NPs in vivo was tested with HSV-2 model of genital infection. Cryo- transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) was used to directly visualize the interactions or lack of interactions of functional NPs with the surface of the HSV-2 virus and to assess their affinity for the virus surface. Results: It was found that the surface chemistry of NPs plays a key role in modulation of its interaction with the HSV-2 virus. Two of the selected ligands (sodium citrate and PEG) were inert and show no affinity to the virus surface. AgNPs functionalized with heparan sulfate-mimic ligand (MUS) showed high affinity to the virus surface, and the appearance of these interactions resulted in virus deactivation in about 50%. In the case of silver nanoparticles functionalized with tannic acid, the assessment of the affinity is difficult to be resolved, mainly because TA-AgNPs exhibit very strong virucidal effect (~100%) and immediately after the contact of the HSV-2 virus with those NPs the virus structure is being destroyed. Discussion: The obtained results indicate that the high affinity of functional nanoparticles to the virus surface does not provide the high virucidal effectiveness. The most effective revealed to be TA-AgNPs which exhibit very strong virucidal effect against HSV-2 virus.

Indexed as

Antiviral AgentsHerpesvirus 2, HumanMetal NanoparticlesSilverAnimalsChlorocebus aethiopsFemaleHerpes GenitalisLigandsPolyethylene GlycolsSodium CitrateTanninsVero CellsAntiviral AgentsLigandsPolyethylene GlycolsSilverSodium CitrateTanninsantiviral functional nanoparticlescryo-TEMinteractions of nanoparticles with HSV-2surface chemistry of antiviral nanoparticles

Identifiers

PMID40061878
PMCPMC11890083

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.