Evidence mapPaperPMID 40062344Full record

ArticleHealth SA = SA Gesondheid2025

Dry eye: A hospital-based sociodemographic, risk and clinical classification profile.

Phindile P Mdlalose, Vanessa R Moodley

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Health SA = SA Gesondheid, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Phindile P MdlaloseDepartment of Optometry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0843-6502
Vanessa R MoodleyDepartment of Optometry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1942-974X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Dry eye, a multifactorial disease of the tears and ocular surface, is considered a significantly growing public health problem worldwide. Aim: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of dry eye disease (DED) in a population attending an eye hospital in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Setting: The study was conducted at McCord Provincial Eye Hospital in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Methods: A cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted between July 2023 and August 2023. Diagnosis was confirmed with a SPEED score of ≥ 4 and a monocular tear break up time (TBUT) ≤ 10 s or Schirmer 2 ≤ 15 mm/5 min. Data were managed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 28. Results: The overall prevalence of DED was 82.3% and highest in those > 65 years of age (odds ratios [OR] = 3.17; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.45-6.94; Conclusion: The study revealed a high DED prevalence, which increased with age. Diabetes, hypertension and HIV were identified as significant risk factors for DED. Routine tear function evaluation should be an integral part of the assessment protocols of these highly susceptible patients. Furthermore, public health education in DED is essential to help reduce prevalence through the promotion of behaviour modifications. Contribution: This study provides knowledge regarding the prevalence and risk factors of DED in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

Indexed as

dry eyeprevalenceSchirmer 2SPEED QuestionnaireTBUT

Identifiers

PMID40062344
PMCPMC11886464

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.