Evidence mapPaperPMID 40062871Full record

ArticleJournal of medical virology2025

Cost-Effectiveness of Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir in COVID-19 Patients at High-Risk for Progression in Spain.

José Ramón Azanza, Juan María González Del Castillo, Raúl Ferrando, José María Molero, Alex Soriano, Carmen Peral, Alfonso de Lossada, Alba Bellmunt, Carla Garí, Tendai Mugwagwa and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of medical virology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

José Ramón AzanzaClínica Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
Juan María González Del CastilloHospital Clínico Universitario de San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
Raúl FerrandoHospital General Universitario de Castellón, Castellón de la Plana, España.
José María MoleroCentro de Salud San Andrés, Madrid, Spain.
Alex SorianoHospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Carmen PeralPfizer S.L.U, Madrid, Spain.
Alfonso de LossadaPfizer S.L.U, Madrid, Spain.
Alba BellmuntOutcomes' 10 (a ProductLife Group Company), Castellón, Spain.
Carla GaríOutcomes' 10 (a ProductLife Group Company), Castellón, Spain.
Tendai MugwagwaPfizer Ltd, Tadworth, Surrey, UK.
Vanessa López-GómezPfizer S.L.U, Madrid, Spain.

Funding

The study was funded by Pfizer S.L.U.
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The objective was to estimate the cost-effectiveness of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (NMV/r) in treating adults with COVID-19 at high-risk of developing severe COVID-19 who do not require supplemental oxygen, compared to no treatment, from the Spanish National Health System (NHS) perspective. A decision-tree for the first year followed by a two-state Markov model with annual cycles for a lifetime horizon was developed. A cohort of 1000 high-risk, symptomatic COVID-19 patients entered the decision-tree for each comparator, divided into hospitalized patients, considering their level of care, and outpatients, for whom only symptom duration was considered. Vaccination status of patients and COVID-19-specific mortality for hospitalized patients were considered. NMV/r efficacy in reducing hospitalizations, deaths and symptom days was applied. Patient quality of life and costs were included (€2024). All the parameters and assumptions were validated by experts. The model reported outputs including costs, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and cost per QALY gained. NMV/r was dominant compared to no treatment, with a decrease in cost per patient of €169.69 and an increase in QALYs of 0.05. NMV/r is a dominant option compared to no treatment in high-risk adult patients with symptomatic COVID-19 not requiring supplemental oxygen, from the Spanish NHS perspective.

Indexed as

Antiviral AgentsCost-Benefit AnalysisCOVID-19COVID-19 Drug TreatmentRitonavirAdultAgedDisease ProgressionFemaleHospitalizationHumansMaleMarkov ChainsMiddle AgedQuality-Adjusted Life YearsQuality of LifeAntiviral AgentsRitonavircost‐effectivenessCOVID‐19high‐risk patientsNirmatrelvir/ritonavir (NMV/r)Spain

Identifiers

PMID40062871
PMCPMC11892420

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.