ArticleSchizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany)2025
Association between white blood cell counts and the efficacy on cognitive function after rTMS intervention in schizophrenia.
Article in Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Putative Neuroimmune Mechanisms and Candidate Biomarkers of rTMS Efficacy in Improving Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Evidence Boundaries and Translational Pathways.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
rTMS has shown some effect in improving cognitive functions in patients with schizophrenia. However, these findings were controversial, and specific mechanisms of action and optimal therapeutic parameters still require further investigation. This study aimed to examine predictive biomarkers of the efficacy of rTMS in cognitive improvement in schizophrenia. A secondary analysis of a previous randomized, controlled trial was performed. Fifty-six patients were allocated to the active rTMS and 28 to the sham group. Patients received 6 weeks of treatment and were followed up for 18 weeks. Cognition was assessed and blood biomarkers were measured in all patients. In patients with schizophrenia, there was a significant interaction between time and group on immediate memory. Furthermore, this study found that after controlling for confounders, patients with higher baseline white blood cell (WBC) counts showed less improvement in immediate memory after rTMS than patients with lower WBC counts. Linear regression analysis showed that WBC counts were associated with immediate memory improvement after rTMS treatment. Our results reveal that WBC counts at baseline correlated with the response to rTMS in patients with schizophrenia. Patients with higher baseline WBC counts improved less after rTMS intervention than those with lower WBC counts.
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.