ArticleHuman cell2025
In vitro generation of spiral ganglion neurons from embryonic stem cells.
Article in Human cell, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Characteristics and Cell Lineage Tracing of Neurod1-Cre and Neurod1-iCreER Mice Targeting Cochlear Neurons.Neuroscience bulletin · 2026Article
- 5-Azacytidine induces sensory hair cell marker expression in human inner ear cells in vitro.Human cell · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) are crucial for transmitting auditory signals from the inner ear to the brainstem, playing a pivotal role in the peripheral hearing process. However, SGNs are usually damaged by a variety of insults, which causes permanent hearing loss. Generating SGNs from stem cells represents a promising strategy for advancing cell-replacement therapies to treat sensorineural hearing loss. SGNs comprise two subtypes of neurons (types 1 and 2); however, it remains a challenge to regenerate SGN subtypes. This study aimed to investigate the generation and characterization of SGN subtype neurons induced from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in vitro. ESCs were cultured and treated with retinoic acid, followed by neuronal induction. The differentiated cells showed protein expressions of multiple neuronal markers, suggesting the generation of neuron-like cells. Protein expressions of vGlut-1 and GATA-3 indicate the generation of glutamatergic otic neuron-like cells. ESC-derived neuron-like cells cultured for 6 days showed co-expressions of calretinin, calbindin, and POU4F1 antibodies, suggesting an early stage of SGN subtype induction. However, 14-day in vitro induction generated cells showing two distinct SGN subtypes: a group of cells expressed calretinin (subtype 1a/2 precursor), and the other group expressed calbindin and POU4F1 (subtype 1b/c). These results suggest that in vitro generation of SGN subtypes from ESCs is culture time dependent.
Indexed as
Identifiers
40069509What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.