SynthesisCNS spectrums2025
Early or recent trauma in treatment-resistant depression: a systematic review.
Synthesis in CNS spectrums, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Toward Integrating Intranasal Esketamine with Traumatic-Memory Psychotherapy in Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Narrative Review and Feasibility-Oriented Protocol Proposal.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Rethinking the Treatment-Resistant Depression.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Childhood trauma and treatment outcomes in short-term psychodynamic and cognitive behavioral therapy for adult depression.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Traumatic memories are directly associated with depression and generalized anxiety symptoms, independent of posttraumatic stress symptoms.International journal of clinical and health psychology : IJCHPArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIncreasing attention has been recently devoted to treatment-resistant depression (TRD); however, its clinical characteristics, potential risk factors, and course are still debated. Most recently, childhood trauma exposure has been correlated to TRD, but systematic investigation on the role of lifetime trauma is still lacking. The aim of this paper was to revise current evidence on early and recent trauma exposure in TRD.
methodsA systematic search was conducted from the 1st of June to the 20th of February 2024 in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines and using the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase.
resultsThe primary database search produced a total of 1998 record, and finally, the search yielded a total of 22 publications, including 18 clinical studies, 3 case reports, and 1 case series, all from the period 2014 to 2024. LIMITATIONS: Limitations include a small sample size of some studies and the lack of homogeneity in the definition of TRD. Furthermore, we only considered articles in English, we excluded preprints or abstracts, and we included case reports.
conclusionsThis review highlights the role of early and recent trauma in TRD, even in the absence of a full-blown post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), highlighting the need for a thorough assessment of trauma in patients with TRD and of its role as a therapeutic target.
Indexed as
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.