Evidence mapPaperPMID 40070691Full record

ArticleFrontiers in molecular biosciences2025

Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for determining neutrophil elastase (NE) - a potential useful marker of multi-organ damage observed in COVID-19 and post-Covid-19 (PCS).

Joanna Adamiec-Mroczek, Joanna Kluz, Sandra Chwałek, Maciej Rabczyński, Kinga Gostomska-Pampuch, Łukasz Lewandowski, Marta Misiuk-Hojło, Beata Ponikowska, Goutam Chourasia, Ilias Dumas and 8 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in molecular biosciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Improved hemodynamic and cardiorespiratory instability with vitamin D supplementation in an obstructive sleep apnea rat models.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Joanna Adamiec-MroczekClinical Department of Ophthalmology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
Joanna KluzClinical Department of Diabetology, Hypertension and Internal Disease, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
Sandra ChwałekFaculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland.
Maciej RabczyńskiClinical Department of Diabetology, Hypertension and Internal Disease, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
Kinga Gostomska-PampuchDepartment of Biochemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
Łukasz LewandowskiDepartment of Biochemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
Marta Misiuk-HojłoClinical Department of Ophthalmology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
Beata PonikowskaDepartment of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
Goutam ChourasiaDepartment and Clinic of Emergency Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
Ilias DumasDepartment of Clinical Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
Andrzej GamianLaboratory of Medical Microbiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland.
Żanna Fiodorenko-DumasDepartment of Clinical Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
Bogusława KonopskaDiagnostic Scientific and Teaching Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
Agnieszka GolaDepartment of Physical Chemistry and Biophysics, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
Klaudia KonikowskaDepartment of Dietetics and Bromatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
Daniel StrubFaculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland.
Agnieszka Bronowicka-Szydełko *Department of Biochemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
Katarzyna Madziarska *Clinical Department of Diabetology, Hypertension and Internal Disease, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: The ongoing post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) epidemic, causing complications of diverse etiology, necessitates the search for new diagnostic markers and the development of widely accessible methods for their detection. This would enable the prognosis of PCS progression and faster implementation of targeted treatments. One potential marker is neutrophil elastase (NE), whose elevated levels in the blood during PCS may result from organ damage caused by increased secretion of severe inflammatory mediators or amyloidosis resulting from the interaction of NE with SARS-CoV-2. The aim of this publication is to present a step-by-step method for designing an enzymatic ELISA test, enabling the quantitative assessment of NE in the blood serum of patients. Methods: NE was measured using the designed ELISA test. Results: The study outlines all the steps necessary for designing and optimizing the ELISA test, including the selection of standards, primary and secondary antibodies, and their dilutions. Using the test, elevated NE levels were demonstrated in patients with advanced-stage diabetic nephropathy after symptomatic COVID-19, compared to a relative group of patients sampled before COVID-19. Conclusion: The undertaken efforts enabled the development of a test with high performance parameters (initially set sensitivity: ≥40 pg/μL; intra-assay precision: 7%; inter-assay precision <20%). No significant cross-reactivity with other tested proteins was observed. Serial dilution of plasma samples resulted in a proportional decrease in signal intensity.

Indexed as

COVID-19ELISAlong-COVID biomarkersneutrophil elastase 1post-COVID-19-syndrome (PCS)

Identifiers

PMID40070691
PMCPMC11893405

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.