ReviewJournal of translational autoimmunity2025
NETosis: A key player in autoimmunity, COVID-19, and long COVID.
Review in Journal of translational autoimmunity, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed.
- The cell with many faces: lung macrophage plasticity and function in response to environmental and pathogenic insults.Physiological reviews · 2026Review
- Mast cells release DNA Extracellular Traps (DETs) in response to SARS-CoV-2 and its spike protein.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- Elevated blood viscosity is associated with dysautonomia in long COVID symptoms.American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice · 2026Article
- Cell-free nucleic acids as a non-invasive biomarker for predicting COVID-19 disease severity and outcome: a retrospective cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- [Inflammatory rheumatic diseases in patients with post-COVID syndrome].Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie · 2026Article
- Review
- Disruption of neutrophil homeostasis is associated with functional alterations in mitochondria of critically ill COVID-19 patients.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- NET Biomarkers in COVID-19 and Post-COVID Syndrome: a Comprehensive Analysis.Journal of clinical immunology · 2026Article
- Diagnosis of Dual c- and p-ANCA Vasculitis Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Case Report.The American journal of case reports · 2026Article
- Host Responses to SARS-CoV-2 with an Emphasis on Cytokines.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Insight to Neglected Biomarkers in COVID-19: A Comprehensive Narrative Review".Biomarker insights · 2026Review
- A brief report: absence of elevated circulating NETosis markers in long-term long COVID.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Application Value of Blood Routine-Derived Indices for the Evaluation of Disease Activity in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Clinical medicine insights. Arthritis and musculoskeletal disorders · 2026Article
- Citrullinated Histones as Emerging Host Defence Biomarkers: Understanding NETosis at the Bedside with the Backdrop of COVID-19.Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine · 2026Article
- Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Diabetic Kidney Disease: Mechanisms of Pathogenesis and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Review
- Relationship of Circulatory Markers of NETosis with COVID-19 Severity: A Prospective Cohort Study.Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine · 2025Article
- Magnitude of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Production and Its Relationship with Autoantibody Formation.Infectious diseases & clinical microbiology · 2025Article
- It's a Trap!-Potential of Cathepsins in NET Formation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- COVID-19-associated Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases: Molecular Mechanisms and the Role of IVIG Therapy.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Review
- HSP60 and SARS-CoV-2: Les Liaisons Dangereuses.Biology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
NETosis, the process through which neutrophils release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), has emerged as a crucial mechanism in host defense and the pathogenesis of autoimmune responses. During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, this process received significant attention due to the central role of neutrophil recruitment and activation in infection control. However, elevated neutrophil levels and dysregulated NET formation have been linked to coagulopathy and endothelial damage, correlating with disease severity and poor prognosis in COVID-19. Moreover, it is known that SARS-CoV-2 can induce persistent low-grade systemic inflammation, known as long COVID, although the underlying causes remain unclear. It has been increasingly acknowledged that excessive NETosis and NET generation contribute to further pathophysiological abnormalities following SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review provides an updated overview of the role of NETosis in autoimmune diseases, but also the relationship between COVID-19 and long COVID with autoimmunity (e.g., latent and overt autoimmunity, molecular mimicry, epitope spreading) and NETosis (e.g., immune responses, NET markers). Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic strategies targeting dysregulated NETosis to mitigate the severe complications of COVID-19 and long COVID.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.