ArticleJournal of ovarian research2025
Enhancing understanding of endometrial function in patients with PCOS: clinical and immunological insights.
Article in Journal of ovarian research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing assisted reproductive technology: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Exploring emerging concepts in the pathophysiology of PCOS: microbiome dysbiosis and immunological dysregulation.Reproduction & fertility · 2026Review
- Mechanisms and clinical implications of oxidative stress-mediated endometrial receptivity impairment in polycystic ovary syndrome.Journal of ovarian research · 2026Review
- Network toxicology and single-cell analysis reveal key gene-mediated bisphenol a interference with granulosa cell function in polycystic ovary syndrome.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Development and temporal validation of a prediction model for live birth in infertile women with polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2026Article
- Regulatory T cells in pregnancy disorders: a multi-dimensional framework for biomarkers and therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate the pregnancy and perinatal outcomes of different phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients during the frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles. Additionally, to analyze the T cell balance in the endometrium of PCOS patients and explore its relationship with various PCOS phenotypes.
designRetrospective cohort study.
settingA single academically affiliated reproductive medicine center. PATIENTS: 21,074 FET cycles were included and divided into two groups based on the diagnosis of PCOS. Patients with PCOS were further categorized into four phenotypic groups: PCOM + HA + OA, PCOM + HA, PCOM + OA, and HA + OA. Endometrial biopsies from 21 PCOS patients and 26 controls were obtained to analyze T cell subsets.
methodsPregnancy and perinatal outcomes, as well as T cell subset abundance were compared between women with and without PCOS. Multiple logistic regression models were employed to adjust for confounding factors impacting pregnancy-related outcomes. Flow cytometry was utilized to analyze the abundance of T cell subsets.
main outcome measuresPregnancy and perinatal outcomes were assessed. T cell subsets including CD4
resultsThere was a significantly increased incidence of miscarriage, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), preterm birth (PTB), and even fetal malformations across different phenotypes of PCOS women, especially those with the hyperandrogenic phenotype. Th1 cells decreased while Th2 cells increased significantly in the PCOS endometrium.
conclusionsThe unfavorable pregnancy and perinatal outcomes in FET cycles and T cell imbalance both suggest the endometrial dysfunction of PCOS patients, especially those with the hyperandrogenic phenotype.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.