Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40077632›Full record

SynthesisNutrients2025

Effectiveness of Herbal Medicines with Anti-Inflammatory, Antimicrobial, and Antioxidant Properties in Improving Oral Health and Treating Gingivitis and Periodontitis: A Systematic Review.

Giuseppina Malcangi, Angelo Michele Inchingolo, Lucia Casamassima, Irma Trilli, Laura Ferrante, Francesco Inchingolo, Andrea Palermo, Alessio Danilo Inchingolo, Gianna Dipalma

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Nutrients, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
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  5. Dentistry journal · 2026
    Review
  6. Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Review
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Review
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  15. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Giuseppina MalcangiDepartment of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70121 Bari, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-9745-7506
Angelo Michele InchingoloDepartment of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70121 Bari, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-0104-6337
Lucia CasamassimaDepartment of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70121 Bari, Italy.ORCID 0009-0009-6923-2102
Irma TrilliDepartment of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70121 Bari, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-2882-025X
Laura FerranteDepartment of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70121 Bari, Italy.ORCID 0009-0007-1494-3519
Francesco InchingoloDepartment of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70121 Bari, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-3797-5883
Andrea PalermoDepartment of Experimental Medicine, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
Alessio Danilo InchingoloDepartment of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70121 Bari, Italy.
Gianna DipalmaDepartment of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70121 Bari, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesThis systematic review investigates the effectiveness of natural extracts with anti-inflammatory properties for improving oral health, particularly in managing gingivitis and periodontal disease (PD). With PD being a major global health issue, exacerbated by microbial dysbiosis and oxidative stress, the integration of phytochemicals and herbal formulations into periodontal therapy offers a promising avenue for adjunctive treatments.

methodsA systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines and registered under the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (ID: 641944). Databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, were searched between 18-24 December 2024, using Boolean keywords combining terms such as "herbal medicine", "plant extracts", "anti-inflammatory", and "periodontal therapy". Studies involving animal models, in vitro data, or non-peer-reviewed articles were excluded.

resultsSeventeen studies met inclusion criteria. Polyherbal formulations and single-component extracts (e.g.,

conclusionsNatural products, including single extracts and polyherbal formulations, provide effective and safe alternatives for managing gingivitis and PD. Their anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties support their adjunctive role alongside with scaling and root planning therapy (SRP) in periodontal therapy. However, further large-scale, long-term studies are needed to standardize formulations and establish optimal protocols.

Indexed as

Anti-Infective AgentsAnti-Inflammatory AgentsAntioxidantsGingivitisOral HealthPeriodontitisPlant ExtractsAnimalsHerbal MedicineHumansPhytotherapyPlants, MedicinalTreatment OutcomeAnti-Infective AgentsAnti-Inflammatory AgentsAntioxidantsPlant Extractsantibacterial activityanti-inflammatory activitydentistry oral healthessential oilsgingivitisherbal medicineperiodontal therapyperiodontitisphytochemicalsplant extracts

Identifiers

PMID40077632
PMCPMC11901544

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.