ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2025
How circuits for habits are formed within the basal ganglia.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Evolution of behavioral flexibility and the forming and breaking of habits.Evolution letters · 2026Article
- Cognitive functions of the GPe.Trends in neurosciences · 2026Review
- Biochemical Pathways of Neuroplasticity in Sport Skill Acquisition: From Neuroscience to Coaching Practice.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- The parafascicular thalamus steers attention to facilitate learning.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Differential kinematic coding in sensorimotor striatum across behavioral domains reflects different contributions to movement.Nature neuroscience · 2025Article
- Distinct neurogenic pathways shape the diversification and mosaic organization of cortical output channels.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
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Abstract
Recent findings show that stereotyped movement sequences (habits) need the cortex in the learning phase, but after learning, the cortex can be inactivated, and the movement still be performed flawlessly. The motor program is dependent on the sensorimotor part of the dorsolateral striatum (DLS) and on synaptic plasticity in the thalamostriatal synapses. New findings from several laboratories have revealed a highly precise spatially interactive organization within the basal ganglia [DLS, substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), and the thalamostriatal parafascicular nucleus (PF)] and with precise input from the cortex. The DLS-SNr-PF-DLS loop is subdivided into many parallel loops. I now propose that these parallel loops can act to reinforce the activity of the different striatal projection neurons in the DLS that take part and that the synaptic transmission in DLS becomes potentiated each time the motor sequence is performed successfully, if rewarded through a dopamine burst. It is argued that after learning the DLS-SNr-PF-DLS loop can operate in isolation.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.