Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40084657›Full record

ArticleNano letters2025

Probing the Role of Lipid Nanoparticle Elasticity on mRNA Delivery to the Placenta.

Hannah C Safford, Cecilia F Shuler, Hannah C Geisler, Ajay S Thatte, Kelsey L Swingle, Emily L Han, Amanda M Murray, Alex G Hamilton, Hannah M Yamagata, Michael J Mitchell

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nano letters, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. The RNA delivery dilemma-lipid versus polymer nanoparticle platforms.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Tissue-specific gene delivery approaches.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2026
    Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Hannah C SaffordDepartment of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-2512-8153
Cecilia F ShulerDepartment of Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.
Hannah C GeislerDepartment of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.
Ajay S ThatteDepartment of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.ORCID 0000-0001-7372-8893
Kelsey L SwingleDepartment of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.ORCID 0000-0001-8475-9206
Emily L HanDepartment of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.ORCID 0009-0008-6276-7502
Amanda M MurrayDepartment of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.ORCID 0009-0000-2124-351X
Alex G HamiltonDepartment of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-9810-5630
Hannah M YamagataDepartment of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.
Michael J MitchellDepartment of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-3628-2244

Funding

A data-driven drug delivery (4D) platform for probing and treating the chemoresistant bone marrow microenvironmentDP2TR002776 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI MITCHELL, MICHAEL J · 2018 to 2018
$2.4M
mRNA lipid nanoparticles for pre-eclampsiaR01HD115877 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI Michael J Mitchell · 2024 to 2026
$1.0M
NCATS NIH HHS DP2 TR002776NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD115877
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

It is well established that the physicochemical properties of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) can govern their interactions with various biological barriers. One property hypothesized to influence nanoparticle-cell interactions is elasticity. Here, we formulate LNPs with naturally occurring cholesterol analogs to tune LNP elasticity and study its role on mRNA delivery to the placenta. LNP elasticity was measured via atomic force microscopy where these LNPs exhibited Young's moduli ranging from 71.0 ± 26.2 to 411.4 ± 145.7 kPa. In vitro screening of these LNPs in placental trophoblasts showed that stiffer LNPs improved LNP uptake and mRNA delivery compared with softer LNPs. Following intravenous administration to pregnant mice, the stiffer LNPs incorporating β-sitosterol enhanced placental and reduced liver mRNA delivery compared with softer LNPs containing only cholesterol. These results demonstrate the ability of stiffer LNPs to promote placental mRNA delivery and highlight the potential of tuning LNP elasticity to improve LNP-mediated mRNA delivery to organs of interest.

Indexed as

LipidsNanoparticlesPlacentaRNA, MessengerAnimalsCholesterolElasticityFemaleHumansLiposomesMicePregnancyTrophoblastsCholesterolLipid NanoparticlesLipidsLiposomesRNA, Messengeratomic force microscopyLipid nanoparticlesmRNAplacentapregnancy

Identifiers

PMID40084657
PMCPMC12184769

What Socratic holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.