ArticleEye (London, England)2025
Patients' perspective on the environmental impact of the severe dry eye disease healthcare pathway.
Article in Eye (London, England), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Dual crisis: environmental and economic unsustainability in NHS dry eye prescribing.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe NHS has committed to achieving net-zero carbon emissions by 2045. Dry eye disease, a chronic condition affecting approximately 29.5% of the global population, poses a significant challenge due to its environmentally harmful care pathway, which also exacerbates the condition. This research article presents a multi-centre cross-sectional survey of patients with severe dry eye disease to examine the pollution and emissions associated with the NHS dry eye disease care pathway. The aim is to identify target areas where innovation can aid the NHS in reaching its net-zero goal.
methodsNinety-two patients participated in semi-structured interviews at four tertiary care centres in the United Kingdom.
resultsMedication packaging disposal was reported as follows: 36% of patients disposed of everything in household waste, 13% recycled everything, and 51% used a mixture of both. Only 7% of patients reported that medication packaging had clear recycling instructions, 23% reported no instructions, and 71% had not noticed. Patients attended a median of 3 (range; 1, 15) hospital appointments per year, with 62% traveling by car and a median return journey time of 100 (8, 300) minutes. When asked if having dry eye disease significantly increased their carbon footprint, 32% agreed, 32% were unsure, and 37% disagreed. The predominant suggestion for reducing environmental harm was "environmentally friendly packaging."
conclusionThis research highlights the need for more sustainable packaging solutions, including clearer recycling instructions, and explores issues related to avoidable travel and insufficient education. By addressing these areas, the NHS can make significant progress towards achieving its net-zero emissions goal.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.