New Strategies for the Extraction of Antioxidants from Fruits and Their By-Products: A Systematic Review.

This review highlights the recent advancements in extraction techniques for bioactive compounds from natural sources, focusing on methodologies that enhance both efficiency and sustainability. Techniques such as pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE), solid-state fermentation (SSF), ionic liquids (ILs), and electrohydrodynamic (EHD) methods have shown significant potential in improving extraction yields while preserving the bioactivity of target compounds. These innovative approaches offer significant advantages over traditional methods, including reduced energy consumption, minimal environmental impact, and the ability to extract thermosensitive compounds. PHWE and EHD are particularly effective for extracting antioxidants and thermosensitive compounds, whereas SSF provides an environmentally friendly alternative by valorizing agro-industrial waste. Ionic liquids, although promising for extracting complex phytochemicals, face challenges related to scalability and economic feasibility. The adoption of these advanced techniques represents a shift toward more sustainable and cost-effective extraction processes, promoting the discovery and utilization of high-value compounds. These methods also contribute to the development of eco-friendly, cost-effective strategies that align with green chemistry principles and regulatory standards. However, further research and technological advancements are required to address existing limitations and ensure the widespread application of these methods in industrial and pharmaceutical sectors.