Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40097550›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Blood pressure waveform morphology assessed using a transmission line model and harmonic distortion analysis.

Nicholas Milkovich, Gary F Mitchell, Bela Suki, Yanhang Zhang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Nicholas MilkovichDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, 110 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, USA.
Gary F MitchellCardiovascular Engineering, Inc, Norwood, MA, USA.
Bela SukiDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 110 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, USA.
Yanhang ZhangDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, 110 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, USA. yanhang@bu.edu.

Funding

Multi-Scale Integration of Extracellular Matrix Mechanics in Vascular RemodelingR01HL098028 · NHLBI · BOSTON UNIVERSITY (CHARLES RIVER CAMPUS) · PI ZHANG, YANHANG KATHERINE · 2011 to 2025
$5.2M
NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL098028NHLBI NIH HHS R01HL098028NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL-139466
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A major determinant of blood pressure waveform (BPW) morphology is vascular impedance, governed by material properties of the arterial wall and hemodynamics of blood flow. Analysis of BPW morphology can be an effective means of assessing cardiovascular health. A transmission line model of the mechanical impedance of the arterial tree was implemented to recreate physiologically realistic BPWs. We then examined the sensitivity of existing vascular measures, including augmentation index (AI), pulse wave velocity (PWV), and the recently proposed harmonic distortion (HD), to structural and mechanical parameters of vessel walls and blood flow. All three measures are primarily sensitive to structural stiffness while HD and AI also correlate strongly with geometric parameters. Further, in a simulated set of randomly constructed arterial trees using model parameters within a physiological range, the indexes are strongly correlated with stiffness. When controlling for all confounding factors, HD demonstrates a stronger correlation with arterial stiffness than AI for stiffness values higher than the average. Our study provides a mechanistic understanding of the determinants of AI and HD, with the latter being a promising measure of cardiovascular risk due to its ease of calculation and access, meeting key limitations set by AI and PWV.

Indexed as

Blood PressureModels, CardiovascularArteriesBlood Flow VelocityHemodynamicsHumansPulse Wave AnalysisVascular StiffnessAugmentation indexPulse wave velocityReflected waveSensitivity analysisStructural stiffness

Identifiers

PMID40097550
PMCPMC11914491

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.