Evidence mapPaperPMID 40097889Full record

ArticleJournal of racial and ethnic health disparities2026

Relationships Between Vaccine Knowledge, Hesitancy, and Conspiracy Beliefs on COVID-19, Influenza, and HPV Vaccination.

Sabrina L Dickey, Ibrahim Yigit, Allysha C Maragh-Bass, Maria Leonora G Comello, Marie C D Stoner, Margo Adams Larsen, Kathryn E Muessig, Audrey E Pettifor, Henna Budhwani, Lisa B Hightow-Weidman

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Vaccination Readiness and Conspiracy Beliefs to Virus-Based Diseases: A Validation Study.The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Sabrina L DickeyCollege of Nursing, Florida State University (FSU), Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA. sldickey@fsu.edu.
Ibrahim YigitCollege of Nursing, Florida State University (FSU), Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA.
Allysha C Maragh-BassFHI 360, Chapel Hill, NC, 359 Blackwell St #200, Durham, NC, 27701, USA.
Maria Leonora G ComelloHussman School of Journalism and Media, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC), Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA.
Marie C D StonerRTI, 2150 Shattuck Avenue Suite 800, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA.
Margo Adams LarsenVirtually Better, Inc, 2440 Lawrenceville Hwy # 200, Decatur, GA, 30033, USA.
Kathryn E MuessigCollege of Nursing, Florida State University (FSU), Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA.
Audrey E PettiforFHI 360, Chapel Hill, NC, 359 Blackwell St #200, Durham, NC, 27701, USA.
Henna BudhwaniCollege of Nursing, Florida State University (FSU), Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA.
Lisa B Hightow-WeidmanCollege of Nursing, Florida State University (FSU), Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA.

Funding

NIMHD NIH HHS R01 MD016834NIMHD NIH HHS R01MD016834
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThe COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the centuries old issue of vaccine hesitancy and exposed healthcare inequities harming Black young adults. Despite vaccines being able to reduce COVID-19, human papillomavirus (HPV), and influenza morbidity and mortality, they are underutilized. An examination of socio-behavioral factors to understand motivators and barriers to vaccine uptake within Black communities is necessary to improve preventative health.

methodsWe conducted an online survey of 360 Black young adults, aged 18 and 29 years in the southern United States. Participants were part of a larger randomized-controlled trial which evaluated a digital health intervention for receiving the COVID-19 vaccine. A correlation analysis and a series of logistic regressions were performed to examine the relationships between vaccination knowledge, hesitancy, and conspiracy beliefs for vaccination status for COVID-19, HPV, and influenza.

resultsVaccine hesitancy and conspiracy beliefs were negatively associated with COVID-19 vaccination (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = .45, confidence interval (CI) [.284, .722], p < .001; AOR = .37, CI [.217, .628], p < .001, respectively, but vaccination knowledge was not (p = .295). Vaccination hesitancy was negatively associated with ever having accepted HPV vaccination (AOR = .66, CI [.477, 1.56], p = .011). Vaccination hesitancy, conspiracy beliefs, and knowledge were not significantly associated with influenza vaccination.

conclusionsVaccine hesitancy remains a pertinent factor affecting southern Black young adults. Vaccine-related conspiracy beliefs emerged amidst the COVID-19 pandemic and was significant for refusal of the COVID-19 vaccine. Results indicate the need for continued public health efforts to address vaccine hesitancy and conspiracies among southern Black young adults and providing reputable information from trusted sources recognized by this population.

Indexed as

Black or African AmericanCOVID-19COVID-19 VaccinesHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeInfluenza, HumanInfluenza VaccinesPapillomavirus VaccinesVaccination HesitancyAdolescentAdultFemaleHumansMalePapillomavirus InfectionsSurveys and QuestionnairesUnited StatesCOVID-19 VaccinesInfluenza VaccinesPapillomavirus VaccinesBlack young adultsCOVID-19HPVInfluenzaVaccine hesitancyVaccine knowledgeVaccine-related conspiracy beliefs

Identifiers

PMID40097889
PMCPMC12316188

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.