Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40097953›Full record

ArticleBMC pregnancy and childbirth2025

Association of maternal prenatal phthalate exposure and genetic polymorphisms of metabolic enzyme genes with spontaneous preterm birth: a nested case-control study in China.

Nana Li, Lu Li, Zhen Liu, Ying Deng, Meixian Wang, Yuting Li, Hong Kang, Yanping Wang, Ping Yu, Jun Zhu

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Nana LiNational Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Sec.3 No.17, RenMin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
Lu LiNational Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Sec.3 No.17, RenMin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
Zhen LiuNational Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Sec.3 No.17, RenMin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
Ying DengNational Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Sec.3 No.17, RenMin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
Meixian WangNational Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Sec.3 No.17, RenMin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
Yuting LiNational Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Sec.3 No.17, RenMin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
Hong KangNational Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Sec.3 No.17, RenMin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
Yanping WangNational Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Sec.3 No.17, RenMin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
Ping YuNational Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Sec.3 No.17, RenMin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China. yup@scu.edu.cn.
Jun ZhuNational Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Sec.3 No.17, RenMin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China. zhujun028@163.com.

Funding

the National Key Research and Development Program of China 2022YFC2703300the National Key Research and Development Program of China 2022YFC2703700
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe relationship between prenatal phthalate exposure and preterm birth from previous studies has been inconsistent. Meanwhile, few studies have explored the relationship between spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB) and genetic polymorphisms of metabolic enzyme genes or gene-phthalate interactions. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association of maternal phthalate exposure, genetic polymorphisms, and their interactions with SPTB.

methodsA total of 182 cases with SPTB and 321 controls with full-term delivery were enrolled. Nine phthalate metabolites in maternal second trimester urine samples were measured by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Genotyping was performed on twenty-six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of metabolic enzyme genes, including CYP2C9, CYP2C19, UGT1A7, UGT2B7 and UGT2B15 genes. The associations between maternal phthalate exposure or genetic polymorphisms and SPTB were estimated by multivariable logistic regression analysis. The impact of interactions between gene-gene and gene-phthalate exposure on SPTB were analyzed via generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction.

resultsThere were no significant differences in the concentrations of phthalate metabolites between the two groups. No statistically significant associations were observed between maternal phthalate exposure and SPTB. The rs4244285 polymorphism of CYP2C19 gene was associated with decreased odds of SPTB under the log-additive (aOR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.55-0.98) and recessive model (aOR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.18-0.74). Two SNP loci of UGT2B15 were associated with increased odds of SPTB under the recessive genetic model (aOR = 3.85, 95% CI: 1.31-11.35 for rs3100, and aOR = 3.85, 95% CI: 1.31-11.35 for rs4148269). However, these associations were not significant after the false discovery rate correction. No significant gene-gene or gene-phthalate metabolites interactions for SPTB were observed.

conclusionsMaternal phthalate exposure in the present subjects and genetic polymorphisms of metabolic enzyme genes were not associated with SPTB. Moreover, there were no significant gene-gene or gene-phthalates interactions for SPTB.

Indexed as

Maternal ExposurePhthalic AcidsPremature BirthAdultCase-Control StudiesChinaFemaleGlucuronosyltransferaseHumansPolymorphism, Single NucleotidePregnancyPregnancy Trimester, SecondGlucuronosyltransferasephthalic acidPhthalic AcidsGenetic polymorphismInteractionMetabolic enzyme genePhthalatesSpontaneous preterm birth

Identifiers

PMID40097953
PMCPMC11917035

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.