Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40098032›Full record

ArticleBorderline personality disorder and emotion dysregulation2025

Neurological soft signs in borderline personality disorder and schizophrenia.

Marie-Luise Otte, Mike M Schmitgen, Nadine D Wolf, Katharina M Kubera, Yunus Balcik, Chantal Tech, Mert Koc, Yéléna Le Prieult, Fabio Sambataro, Geva A Brandt and 3 more

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Article in Borderline personality disorder and emotion dysregulation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

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0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Marie-Luise OtteDepartment of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Vosstrasse 4, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany.
Mike M SchmitgenDepartment of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Vosstrasse 4, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany.
Nadine D WolfDepartment of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Vosstrasse 4, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany.
Katharina M KuberaDepartment of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Vosstrasse 4, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany.
Yunus BalcikDepartment of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Vosstrasse 4, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany.
Chantal TechDepartment of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Vosstrasse 4, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany.
Mert KocDepartment of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Vosstrasse 4, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany.
Yéléna Le PrieultDepartment of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Vosstrasse 4, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany.
Fabio SambataroDepartment of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Geva A BrandtDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
Stefan FritzeDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
Dusan Hirjak *Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
Robert Christian Wolf *Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Vosstrasse 4, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany. christian.wolf@med.uni-heidelberg.de.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundNeurological soft signs (NSS) are subtle sensorimotor abnormalities that have been observed in various mental disorders with neurodevelopmental origin. While NSS have been extensively examined in patients with schizophrenia (SZ), preliminary evidence also suggests that NSS are also present in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). However, a transdiagnostic examination of the severity of NSS in BPD compared to SZ is still lacking.

methodsHere, NSS were examined with the Heidelberg NSS scale (HNSS) in three groups of female subjects: BPD (n = 45), SZ (n = 30) and healthy controls (HC) (n = 32). Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was conducted jointly for BPD, SZ, and HC and HNSS subscores. Post hoc tests were performed using linear discriminant analysis (LDA). In the BPD group, partial Spearman correlations (with age and medication as covariates) were performed between NSS scores and depressive symptoms (HAMD-21), impulsivity (BIS-11), dissociative symptoms (DTS), childhood trauma (CTQ), and borderline symptoms (BSL-23).

resultsBPD showed significantly higher NSS levels compared to HCs. For the BPD, significant associations between NSS and childhood trauma and depressive symptoms were found. MANOVA showed a significant group difference, LDA differentiated between HC, and patients with SZ and BPD, but not between the patient groups.

conclusionsPatients with BPD have significantly higher NSS levels than HC. NSS in BPD showed significant associations with childhood trauma, supporting a "two-hit" model. Importantly, patients with BPD and SZ may show similar NSS patterns, suggesting that sensorimotor dysfunction is a transdiagnostic phenomenon.

Indexed as

Borderline personality disorderChildhood traumaNeurological soft signsSchizophreniaTreatment outcome

Identifiers

PMID40098032
PMCPMC11916342

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.