ReviewCurrent neurology and neuroscience reports2025
Leptomeningeal Disease: Current Approaches and Future Directions.
Review in Current neurology and neuroscience reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Cerebrospinal fluid ctDNA as a prognostic and disease-activity biomarker in leptomeningeal metastases: systematic review, meta-analysis, and implications for CSF-guided care.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Preclinical evaluation of trastuzumab deruxtecan in a new HER2+ leptomeningeal colonization model.Cancer letters · 2026Article
- Prognostic value of the Evans index in neoplastic meningitis: a real-world cohort study.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2026Article
- Intrathecal nivolumab in metastatic solid tumors with leptomeningeal disease: dose escalation part of the multicenter IT-PD1/NOA-26 phase 1 trial.Nature cancer · 2026Article
- Beyond the Typical Atypical Imaging Features of Leptomeningeal Enhancement: A Case Series.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Melanoma leptomeningeal disease: Advances in diagnosis and emerging therapeutic strategies.World journal of experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Integrative CSF profiling identifies disease-specific immune responses in leptomeningeal disease.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Pathophysiology and treatment of leptomeningeal metastases in lung cancer.Translational lung cancer research · 2026Review
- Spinal leptomeningeal disease in patients with solid tumors: A single-center study on clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes.Brain & spine · 2026Article
- Many faces of meningeal carcinomatosis - a single-center case series of patients diagnosed in a neurological department setting.Reports of practical oncology and radiotherapy : journal of Greatpoland Cancer Center in Poznan and Polish Society of Radiation Oncology · 2026Article
- Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis as the Initial Presentation of Occult Colorectal Cancer: Diagnostic and Management Challenges.Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology · 2026Article
- Investigation of 6-thioguanine as a strategy to overcome methotrexate resistance in a mouse model of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2025Article
- The immune landscape of cerebrospinal fluid across brain malignancies.Neuro-oncology advancesReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purpose of reviewLeptomeningeal disease (LMD), or spread of cancer cells into the pia and arachnoid membranes encasing the brain and spinal cord, is associated with high symptom burden and poor survival at 2 to 5 months. Conventional treatments including photon-based radiation therapy, systemic chemotherapy, and intrathecal chemotherapy demonstrate limited efficacy. Despite significant successes for a range of solid tumors, immunotherapy has not yet demonstrated significant efficacy in management of LMD. Advances in understanding of LMD pathophysiology, improved diagnostics, and novel therapeutics are shifting this paradigm. In this article, we review diagnostic and treatment challenges associated with LMD. RECENT
findingsWe discuss the use of novel cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis techniques such as circulating tumor cell and CSF cell-free DNA assessment to overcome limitations of conventional diagnostic modalities. We then review advances in treatment including clinical trial data demonstrating efficacy of proton craniospinal radiation to treat the entire neuroaxis. We discuss emerging data regarding targeted therapeutics conferring durable survival benefit. Novel therapeutics and combinatorial treatment approaches will likely further improve outcomes for patients with LMD.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.