Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40100893›Full record

ArticlePloS one2025

Are taxes to sugar-sweetened beverages and non-essential energy dense food implemented in Mexico regressive?

J Alai Quiroz-Reyes, Jesús Enrique Morales-Ríos, Adriana Vargas-Flores, Néstor A Sánchez-Ortiz, M Arantxa Colchero

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Who pays and Who benefits? A distributional health-economic evaluation of strengthening the UK soft drinks industry levy.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

J Alai Quiroz-ReyesCenter for Evaluation and Surveys Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
Jesús Enrique Morales-RíosCenter for Evaluation and Surveys Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
Adriana Vargas-FloresCenter for Evaluation and Surveys Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
Néstor A Sánchez-OrtizCenter for Evaluation and Surveys Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
M Arantxa ColcheroCenter for Evaluation and Surveys Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4891-7120

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionIn January 2014, Mexico introduced an excise tax of $1.00 Mexican peso/liter on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and an 8% tax on non-essential energy dense food (NEDF) with at least 275 kilocalories/100 grams. Fiscal policies could be regressive when taxes generate a greater financial burden for low-income households compared to higher-income households. The objective of this study was to analyze whether SSB and NEDF taxes in Mexico were regressive using a nationally representative survey. MATERIALS AND

methodsInformation from the National Household Income and Expenditure Survey in Mexico in its 2014, 2016 and 2018 waves were used to estimate changes in expenditures on SSB and NEDF over total expenditures by income quintile and place of residence using own price elasticities, changes in prices after tax implementation and tax pass-through prices. We derived uncompensated own price elasticities using the Linear Approximation of the Almost Ideal Demand System.

resultsPrice elasticities -in absolute values- were higher in urban areas than in rural settings for SSB in 2014 and 2016, while the opposite was observed for NEDF. For SSB, price elasticities -in absolute values- among households in the highest income quintiles were lower than those in the lowest income quintiles. The tax paid for SSB and NEDF over total expenditures was higher among low-income households. However, the reduction in SSB expenditures over total expenditures in low-income households was higher compared to the highest income quintile. For NEDF, weekly expenditures in rural areas were lower than in urban areas for the lowest quintile, while for the highest quintile the reduction was similar.

conclusionsLow-income households in urban and rural areas reduced the proportion spent on SSB and NEDF more compared to higher-income residents, counteracting the regressive burden of the taxes.

Indexed as

FoodSugar-Sweetened BeveragesTaxesCommerceFamily CharacteristicsHumansIncomeMexicoRural Population

Identifiers

PMID40100893
PMCPMC11918417

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.