Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40101938›Full record

SynthesisBritish journal of sports medicine2025

Cardiorespiratory fitness and health in children and adolescents: an overview of systematic reviews with meta-analyses representing over 125 000 observations covering 33 health-related outcomes.

Iryna Demchenko, Stephanie A Prince, Katherine Merucci, Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez, Jean-Philippe Chaput, Brooklyn J Fraser, Taru Manyanga, Ryan McGrath, Francisco B Ortega, Ben Singh and 2 more

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in British journal of sports medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Parkinson's disease, aerobic exercise and photobiomodulation: a randomised controlled trial.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026
    Trial
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Physical Fitness Profiles Among Children and Adolescents With ADHD and ASD: A Comparison With Typically Developing Peers.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2026
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Cardiopulmonary Benefits of Exercise in Adolescents.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026
    Review
  16. Article
  17. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Iryna DemchenkoCentre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4610-7404
Stephanie A PrinceCentre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6729-5649
Katherine MerucciHealth Library, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1981-7013
Cristina Cadenas-SanchezDepartment of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS); and CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, University of Granada, Granada, Andalucía, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4513-9108
Jean-Philippe ChaputHealthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5607-5736
Brooklyn J FraserAlliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Taru ManyangaHealthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5461-5981
Ryan McGrathAlliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0644-5524
Francisco B OrtegaDepartment of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS); and CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, University of Granada, Granada, Andalucía, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2001-1121
Ben SinghAlliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7227-2406
Grant R TomkinsonAlliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7601-9670
Justin J LangCentre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada justin.lang@phac-aspc.gc.ca.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1768-319X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo synthesise data on the associations between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and health in children and adolescents, evaluate the certainty of evidence and identify knowledge gaps.

designAn overview of systematic reviews with meta-analyses. Results were pooled using forest plots and certainty of evidence evaluated with GRADE. DATA SOURCES: Medline, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL and SPORTDiscus were searched from January 2002 to March 2024. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTED STUDIES: Systematic reviews with meta-analyses exploring CRF and health in children and adolescents aged <18 years.

resultsFrom the 9062 records identified, 14 reviews were included. Meta-analysed data from 125 164 observations covering 33 health outcomes were compiled, showing favourable (n=26) or null (n=7) associations with CRF. Among general populations, the associations were weak-to-moderate, with favourable links between CRF and indicators of anthropometry and adiposity, cardiometabolic and vascular health, and mental health and well-being. Among clinical populations, CRF was lower in participants with a condition compared with healthy controls, with the largest difference for newly diagnosed cancer (mean difference=-19.6 mL/kg/min; 95%CI: -21.4,-17.8). Patients with cystic fibrosis had a greater risk for all-cause mortality when comparing low CRF vs. high (relative risk=4.9; 95%CI: 1.1, 22.1). The certainty of evidence ranged from very low to moderate.

conclusionCRF shows promising links to numerous health outcomes in paediatric populations, though the low certainty of evidence calls for further research. High-quality longitudinal evidence is warranted to confirm the findings and investigate a predictive role of childhood CRF for future health.

Indexed as

Cardiorespiratory FitnessHealth StatusAdiposityAdolescentChildHumansMental HealthMeta-Analysis as TopicSystematic Reviews as TopicHealthPediatricsPhysical fitness

Identifiers

PMID40101938
PMCPMC12229061

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.