ArticleNature communications2025
Species differences in opsonization and phagocyte recognition of preclinical poly-2-alkyl-2-oxazoline-coated nanoparticles.
Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Dose enhancement by gold, iron oxide, bismuth oxide, and platinum nanoparticles in radiotherapy: a comprehensive meta-analysis.Radiological physics and technology · 2026Pooled it
- Precision nanomedicine for pulmonary diseases: from molecular targeting to clinical translation.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Article
- Bioorthogonal tuning of nanosurface opsonisationChemical communications (Cambridge, England) · 2026Article
- Lipid nanoparticles for bone marrow-targeted RNA therapeutics.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Conjugable, Antifouling, and Non-immunogenic Coatings for Gold Nanoparticles by Multivalent Grafting of Azide-Bearing Polyoxazoline Brushes.Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids · 2026Article
- PEGylation technology: addressing concerns, moving forward.Drug delivery · 2025Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
23 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is widely used in nanomedicine design, but emerging PEG immunogenicity in the general population is of therapeutic concern. As alternative, polyoxazolines are gaining popularity, since "polyoxazolinated" nanoparticles show long-circulating properties comparable to PEGylated nanoparticles in mice. Here, we show species differences in opsonization and differential uptake by monocytes and macrophages of nanoparticles coated with either poly-2-methyl-2-oxazoline or poly-2-ethyl-2-oxazoline. These nanoparticles evade murine opsonization process and phagocytic uptake but porcine ficolin 2 (FCN2), through its S2 binding site, recognizes polyoxazolines, and mediates nanoparticle uptake exclusively by porcine monocytes. In human sera, FCN opsonization is isoform-dependent showing inter-individual variability but both FCN2 and complement opsonization promote nanoparticle uptake by human monocytes. However, nanoparticle uptake by human and porcine macrophages is complement-dependent. These findings advance mechanistic understanding of species differences in innate immune recognition of nanomaterials' molecular patterns, and applicable to the selection and chemical design of polymers for engineering of the next generation of stealth nanoparticles.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.