Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40105090›Full record

SynthesisAndrology2025

Effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists on testicular dysfunction: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Gianmaria Salvio, Alessandro Ciarloni, Nicola Ambo, Monia Bordoni, Michele Perrone, Silvia Rossi, Giancarlo Balercia

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Andrology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  7. Sex Differences in [Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Gianmaria SalvioEndocrinology Clinic, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-9290-5699
Alessandro CiarloniEndocrinology Clinic, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
Nicola AmboEndocrinology Clinic, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
Monia BordoniEndocrinology Clinic, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
Michele PerroneEndocrinology Clinic, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
Silvia RossiEndocrinology Clinic, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
Giancarlo BalerciaEndocrinology Clinic, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHypogonadism and infertility are two conditions that are heavily affected by overweight and obesity in the male patient. Glucagon-like peptide 1 agonists (GLP-1RAs) are a recently introduced class of antidiabetic drugs with powerful weight-loss effect; this may induce an indirect positive effect on the testicular function. Nevertheless, recent evidence also suggests a potential direct influence of these molecules on the gonadal function.

objectivesOur study aims at evaluating the effects of GLP-1RAs on hormone secretion in male patients and comparing their impact on the testicular function with other antidiabetic agents or weight-lowering drugs. MATERIALS AND

methodsA literature search was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus database to assess the effects of GLP-1RAs on hormone levels, sperm parameters, and erectile function in overweight and obese men. Before-after analysis and comparison between therapy with GLP-1RAs and other treatment regimens were performed.

resultsSeven studies (n = 680) were included in the quantitative analysis. Treatment with GLP-1RAs produced a significant increase in total serum testosterone (TT), with a standardized mean difference of 1.39 ng/mL (95% confidence interval: 0.70, 2.09; p < 0.0001). Free serum testosterone (FT), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) showed similar increase, while weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) decreased. Meta-regression showed a significant negative correlation between standardized mean difference in TT levels before-after treatment and percentage change in weight and BMI. When compared with other treatment options, GLP-1RAs showed a comparable effect on serum androgens, but greater BMI reduction and increase in serum gonadotropins and indexes of the erectile function.

conclusionOur systematic review and meta-analysis suggest a possible role for GLP-1RAs in the therapy of functional hypogonadism related to overweight and obesity, while also promoting weight loss. The limitations of the current literature do not allow to demonstrate a direct action of GLP-1RAs on the testicular function.

Indexed as

Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsHypoglycemic AgentsHypogonadismTestisHumansMaleObesityTestosteroneGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsHypoglycemic AgentsTestosteroneGIPGLP‐1GLP‐1RAhypogonadismobesityoverweighttestosterone

Identifiers

PMID40105090
PMCPMC12569732

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.