Evidence mapPaperPMID 40107698Full record

ArticleBMJ open2025

Health and education outcomes from adolescence to adulthood for young people with neurodisability and their peers: protocol for a population-based cohort study using linked hospital and education data from England.

Louise Macaulay, Jennifer Saxton, Tamsin Ford, Stuart Logan, Katie Harron, Ruth Gilbert, Ania Zylbersztejn

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Louise MacaulayGreat Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-2017-9380
Jennifer SaxtonDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Tamsin FordDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5295-4904
Stuart LoganNIHR Applied Research Collaboration for the Southwest, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK.
Katie HarronGreat Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3418-2856
Ruth GilbertGreat Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.
Ania ZylbersztejnGreat Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK ania.zylbersztejn@ucl.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1035-1448

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionChildren and young people with neurodisability (conditions affecting the brain or nervous system, creating functional impairment, eg, autism, learning disabilities, epilepsy, cerebral palsy or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder) have more complex health and educational needs than their peers, contributing to higher healthcare use and special educational needs (SEN) provision. To guide policy and improve services, evidence is needed on how health and education support and outcomes change with age for adolescents with and without neurodisability. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Using the Education and Child Health Insights from Linked Data (ECHILD) database, which links health and education data across England, we will follow adolescents from the start of secondary school (Year 7) into early adulthood. We will classify children with and without neurodisability recorded in hospital and education records before Year 7, compare their sociodemographic characteristics and describe trends in health and educational outcomes throughout secondary school. We will estimate rates of planned and unplanned healthcare contacts by year of age (11-22 years old), and we will examine changes in trends before, during and after transition to adult healthcare. We will also estimate the proportion of adolescents with school-recorded SEN provision and rates of school absences and exclusions by year of age (11-15 years old) for the two groups. We will explore variation in outcomes by neurodisability subgroup and sociodemographic characteristics and contextualise the findings using existing interview and survey data from children, young people and parents/carers generated in the Health Outcomes of young People throughout Education (HOPE) research programme. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethics approval for analyses of the ECHILD database has been granted previously (20/EE/0180). Findings will be shared with academics, policymakers and stakeholders, and published in open-access journals. Code and metadata will be shared in the ECHILD GitHub repository.

Indexed as

Education, SpecialNervous System DiseasesAdolescentChildCohort StudiesEnglandFemaleHumansMaleResearch DesignYoung AdultAdolescentsDevelopmental neurology & neurodisabilityEPIDEMIOLOGYHealth EquityPUBLIC HEALTHSTATISTICS & RESEARCH METHODS

Identifiers

PMID40107698
PMCPMC11927417

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.