Evidence mapPaperPMID 40110679Full record

ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2025

Metabolic stress and age drive inflammation and cognitive decline in mice and humans.

Sarah E Elzinga, Kai Guo, Ali Turfah, Rosemary E Henn, Ian F Webber-Davis, John M Hayes, Crystal M Pacut, Samuel J Teener, Andrew D Carter, Diana M Rigan and 10 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors.

Sarah E ElzingaDepartment of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4219-2712
Kai GuoDepartment of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Ali TurfahDepartment of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Rosemary E HennDepartment of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Ian F Webber-DavisDepartment of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
John M HayesDepartment of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Crystal M PacutDepartment of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Samuel J TeenerDepartment of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Andrew D CarterDepartment of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Diana M RiganDepartment of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Adam M AllouchDepartment of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Dae-Gyu JangDepartment of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Rachel ParentDepartment of Internal Medicine, General Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Emily GlassDepartment of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Geoffrey G MurphyDepartment of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Stephen I LentzDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Kevin S ChenDepartment of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Lili ZhaoDepartment of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Junguk HurDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA.
Eva L FeldmanDepartment of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

Funding

Univ. Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center Support GrantP30CA046592 · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · 1988 to 2025
$35.8M
MICHIGAN MEDICAL SCIENTIST TRAINING PROGRAMT32GM007863 · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · 1985 to 2005
$8.8M
Pilot and Feasibility ProgramP30DK020572 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · 2022 to 2025
$4.9M
VISION RESEARCHP30EY007003 · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · 1987 to 2025
$4.1M
Research Education ComponentP30AG072931 · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · 2025 to 2025
$3.4M
Metabolic coupling between Schwann cells and axons is functionally distinct from myelination and is disrupted in obesity, prediabetes, and diabetesR01DK130913 · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · 2025 to 2025
$622k
Midlife obesity and prediabetes trigger later life cognitive decline through central nervous system inflammaging and innate immune dysregulation of cGAS/STINGR00AG071667 · MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY · 2025 to 2025
$244k
Mapping and modeling inhibitory interneurons in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias: novel strategies to reverse neural network dysfunctionK08AG084902 · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · 2025 to 2025
$169k
Alzheimer's Association AACSF-22-970586Andrea and Lawrence A. Wolfe Brain Health InitiativeArizona Department of Health Services and the Arizona Biomedical Research Commission (AD Knowledge Portal)Cure PSP (AD Knowledge Portal)Edith S. Briskin/SKS Foundation NeuroNetwork Emerging Scholar FundFrank L. and Helen Gofrank Foundation Research Program in Alzheimer's Disease and Brain HealthHandleman Emerging Scholar FundKenneth and Frances Eisenberg Emerging Scholar FundKiriluk Family Fund for Brain Health ResearchMayo and Michael J. Fox Foundations (AD Knowledge Portal)National Institutes of Health (AD Knowledge Portal) P30AG10161National Institutes of Health (AD Knowledge Portal) P30AG19610National Institutes of Health (AD Knowledge Portal) P30AG72975National Institutes of Health (AD Knowledge Portal) P50AG016574National Institutes of Health (AD Knowledge Portal) R01AG003949National Institutes of Health (AD Knowledge Portal) R01AG017216National Institutes of Health (AD Knowledge Portal) R01AG018023National Institutes of Health (AD Knowledge Portal) R01AG025711National Institutes of Health (AD Knowledge Portal) R01AG032990National Institutes of Health (AD Knowledge Portal) R01AG036836National Institutes of Health (AD Knowledge Portal) R01AG15819National Institutes of Health (AD Knowledge Portal) R01AG17917National Institutes of Health (AD Knowledge Portal) R01NS080820National Institutes of Health (AD Knowledge Portal) RF1AG057440National Institutes of Health (AD Knowledge Portal) U01AG006576National Institutes of Health (AD Knowledge Portal) U01AG006786National Institutes of Health (AD Knowledge Portal) U01AG046139National Institutes of Health (AD Knowledge Portal) U01AG046170National Institutes of Health (AD Knowledge Portal) U01AG46152National Institutes of Health (AD Knowledge Portal) U01AG61356National Institutes of Health (AD Knowledge Portal) U24AG061340National Institutes of Health (AD Knowledge Portal) U24NS072026NCI NIH HHS P30 CA046592NEI NIH HHS P30 EY007003NeuroNetwork for Emerging TherapiesNIA NIH HHS K08 AG084902NIA NIH HHS K99 AG071667NIA NIH HHS P30 AG053760NIA NIH HHS P30 AG072931NIA NIH HHS R00 AG071667NIA NIH HHS U01 AG046139NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK020572NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK130913NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM007863NIH HHS K99AG071667NIH HHS P30AG053760NIH HHS P30AG072931NIH HHS P30CA046592NIH HHS P30DK020572NIH HHS P30EY007003NIH HHS R01DK130913NIH HHS S10 OD028612NIH HHS S10OD28612-01-A1Robert and Katherine Jacobs Environmental Health InitiativeRobert E. Nederlander Sr. Program for Alzheimer's ResearchSinai Medical Staff Foundation Research on Studying Diet and Brain Health FundTauber Family Student Internship ProgramTaubman Foundation
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionMetabolic stressors (obesity, metabolic syndrome, prediabetes, and type 2 diabetes [T2D]) increase the risk of cognitive impairment (CI), including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Immune system dysregulation and inflammation, particularly microglial mediated, may underlie this risk, but mechanisms remain unclear.

methodsUsing a high-fat diet-fed (HFD) model, we assessed longitudinal metabolism and cognition, and terminal inflammation and brain spatial transcriptomics. Additionally, we performed hippocampal spatial transcriptomics and single-cell RNA sequencing of post mortem tissue from AD and T2D human subjects versus controls.

resultsHFD induced progressive metabolic and CI with terminal inflammatory changes, and dysmetabolic, neurodegenerative, and inflammatory gene expression profiles, particularly in microglia. AD and T2D human subjects had similar gene expression changes, including in secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1), a pro-inflammatory gene associated with AD. DISCUSSION: These data show that metabolic stressors cause early and progressive CI, with inflammatory changes that promote disease. They also indicate a role for microglia, particularly microglial SPP1, in CI. HIGHLIGHTS: Metabolic stress causes persistent metabolic and cognitive impairments in mice. Murine and human brain spatial transcriptomics align and indicate a pro-inflammatory milieu. Transcriptomic data indicate a role for microglial-mediated inflammatory mechanisms. Secreted phosphoprotein 1 emerged as a potential target of interest in metabolically driven cognitive impairment.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseCognitive DysfunctionDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2InflammationStress, PhysiologicalAgedAnimalsBrainDiet, High-FatDisease Models, AnimalFemaleHippocampusHumansMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLcognitive impairmenthippocampushumaninflammationmicrogliamouseobesityprediabetestype 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID40110679
PMCPMC11923576

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.