Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40113720›Full record

ArticleProbiotics and antimicrobial proteins2026

Probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii Against Cronobacter sakazakii Infection: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies.

Samaneh Allahyari, Babak Pakbin, Shaghayegh Pishkhan Dibazar, Neda Karami, Gholamreza Hamidian, Leila Zolghadr, Reza Ovissipour, Razzagh Mahmoudi

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Article in Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Samaneh AllahyariMedical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
Babak PakbinDepartment of Food Science and Technology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA. b.pakbin@tamu.edu.
Shaghayegh Pishkhan DibazarDepartment of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
Neda KaramiDepartment of Medicine Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, Iran.
Gholamreza HamidianDepartment of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
Leila ZolghadrDepartment of Chemistry, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran.
Reza OvissipourDepartment of Food Science and Technology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
Razzagh MahmoudiMedical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cronobacter sakazakii is an opportunistic foodborne pathogen causing intestinal and extra-intestinal diseases in humans, especially young children, and is regarded as one of the main concerns in public health. Saccharomyces boulardii is a well-known probiotic yeast widely used to treat and prevent antibiotic-associated diarrheal infections in infants and neonates. This study evaluated the preventive effects and potential of probiotic S. boulardii against C. sakazakii intestinal infections in humans. Viability, bacterial virulence factor, cellular pro-inflammatory gene expression, and nanomechanical properties of the cytoplasmic membrane of caco-2 cells were evaluated using MTT, real-time PCR, and AFM methods, respectively. Using histopathological analysis, S. boulardii treatment was evaluated on infected newborn C57 BL/6 mice. We found that S. boulardii inoculation significantly (P < 0.05) increased the viability and downregulated the cellular pro-inflammatory genes (IL-8 and NFkB) and bacterial virulence factor genes (ompA and hfq) in infected intestinal cells while also decreasing the morphological alterations. We also observed that S. boulardii treatment reduced the intestinal damage induced by C. sakazakii infection. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that S. boulardii effectively protects against C. sakazakii infections. This probiotic yeast holds promise as a potential preventive and therapeutic agent for intestinal diseases associated with C. sakazakii.

Indexed as

Cronobacter sakazakiiEnterobacteriaceae InfectionsProbioticsSaccharomyces boulardiiAnimalsCaco-2 CellsHumansMiceMice, Inbred C57BLVirulence FactorsVirulence FactorsCell line studyCronobacter sakazakiiIntestinal infectionMice study modelSaccharomyces boulardii

Identifiers

PMID40113720

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.