Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40115134›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of preventive medicine2025

Relation Between Smoking and Disability Progression in Iranian Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A Case-Control Study.

Fereshteh Ashtari, Mahtab Sardashti Birjandi, Iman Adibi, Awat Feizi, Arshia Ghalamkari, Nafiseh Toghianifar

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of preventive medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Fereshteh AshtariDepartment of Neurology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan Neuroscience Research Center, Isfahan, Iran.
Mahtab Sardashti BirjandiDepartment of Neurology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan Neuroscience Research Center, Isfahan, Iran.
Iman AdibiDepartment of Neurology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan Neuroscience Research Center, Isfahan, Iran.
Awat FeiziDepartment of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Arshia GhalamkariDepartment of Neurology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan Neuroscience Research Center, Isfahan, Iran.
Nafiseh ToghianifarFarabi Psychiatry and Ophthalmology Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: To compare characteristics of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) between cigarette smokers and non-smokers. Methods: A case-control study was performed on patients registered in the Kashani MS center from April 2019 to April 2020 in Isfahan, Iran. In total, 136 smoker patients and 220 non-smokers participated in the study and completed the questionnaire. Results: The frequency of male gender in the smoker group was significantly higher than in the non-smokers (64.7% vs. 15%, Conclusions: Our data suggest that there is a possible relationship between disability score and the duration of smoking before the onset of MS. It also revealed that the duration of smoking can affect the progression of the disease. Further studies are suggested to confirm these findings.

Indexed as

Cigarettemultiple sclerosissmoking

Identifiers

PMID40115134
PMCPMC11925357

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-SA
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.