ArticleScience advances2025
Soft, stretchable conductive hydrogels for high-performance electronic implants.
Article in Science advances, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- Multifunctional material platforms for neural interfaces: active orchestration of dynamic foreign body response across implantation lifetimes.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- Tailored construction and functional applications of conductive hydrogels for bioelectronic interfaces.Discover nano · 2026Review
- Reusable and Soft Self-Adhesive Epidermal Electrodes for Human Skin Enabled by Functional Additives.Micromachines · 2026Article
- Recent Advances in Biomimetic Hydrogels for Bioelectronics and Human-Machine Interactions.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Regulated liquid metal via semiconductor valve toward highly stretchable topological circuits.Nature communications · 2026Article
- From Static to Dynamic: The Convergence of Nanomaterials and 3D/4D Bioprinting for Adaptive Wearable Sports Biosensors.Biosensors · 2026Review
- Ultrasoft, adhesive, pH-tunable hydrogel based on in situ functionalized laser-induced graphene for through-hair concurrent biosensing.Science advances · 2026Article
- PEDOT: PSS for Implantable and Wearable Bioelectronics: From Material Engineering and Energy Storage to Clinical Translation.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Review
- Soft, Skin-Conformal Electronic Interfaces for Multimodal Biosignal Monitoring and Transcutaneous Stimulation.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2026Article
- Ionic-Bionic Interfaces: Advancing Iontronic Strategies for Bioelectronic Sensing and Therapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Micro-Corrugated Hydrogel Electrodes for High-Performance Biofuel Cells via Capillary Force and Ligand Exchange-Induced Metal Nanoparticle Assembly.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Wearable bioelectronics for skin cancer management.Biomaterials · 2026Review
- Edge AI-Based Gait-Phase Detection for Closed-Loop Neuromodulation in SCI Mice.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Materials and System Design for Self-Decision Bioelectronic Systems.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Review
- Conducting Polymers for Electrochemical Sensing: From Materials and Metrology to Intelligent and Sustainable Biointerfaces.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Biomimetic polymers and their characterization: toward sustainable materials using synthetic biology.Frontiers in chemistry · 2026Review
- Zwitterionic hydrogel designs for conducting polymers enable bioelectronics with suppressed foreign body responses.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Biointegrated Conductive Hydrogel for Real-Time Motion Sensing in Exoskeleton-Assisted Lower-Limb Rehabilitation.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Chinese Nian Gao Inspired Textured Janus Hydrogel for Body Signal Sensing and Human Machine Interaction.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Mechanically Robust and Conductive Gelatin/Glucose Hydrogels Enabled by the Hofmeister Effect for Flexible Strain Sensors.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
18 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels are emerging as promising materials for electronic implants owing to their favorable mechanical and electrical properties. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) hydrogels are particularly attractive, but their preparation often requires toxic additives. Here, we introduced a nutritive sweetener, d-sorbitol, as a nontoxic additive to create soft and stretchable PEDOT:PSS conductive hydrogels. These hydrogels exhibit mechanical properties comparable with biological tissues, reducing adverse immune responses. The hydrogels can be patterned on elastic substrates using a simple, low-cost micromolding technique to fabricate soft and stretchable implantable devices for electrical stimulation and recording. The hydrogel electrodes show much lower electrochemical impedance and higher charge storage and injection capacity compared to platinum electrodes. In addition, the properties of hydrogels and devices remain stable after long-term storage and exposure to extreme conditions. We demonstrate the use of soft hydrogel-based electronic devices for effective electrical stimulation and high-quality electrical recordings in live animal models.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.