Evidence mapPaperPMID 40118992Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Identifying and validating immunological biomarkers in obstructive sleep apnea through bioinformatics analysis.

En-Hui Zhou, Tian-Jiao Zhou, Xiao-Ting Wang, Jing-Yu Zhang, Jian Guan, Shan-Kai Yin, Wei-Jun Huang, Hong-Liang Yi, Jian-Yin Zou

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  7. The Potential Role ofMicroorganisms · 2025
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

En-Hui Zhou *Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
Tian-Jiao Zhou *Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
Xiao-Ting WangDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
Jing-Yu ZhangDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
Jian GuanDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
Shan-Kai YinDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
Wei-Jun HuangDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China. hellohuangwj@126.com.
Hong-Liang YiDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China. yihongl@126.com.
Jian-Yin ZouDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China. cary2005@126.com.

Funding

Hospital Level Scientific Research Fund Program of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital No. ynts202404National Natural Science Foundation of China No. 81970869National Natural Science Foundation of China No. 82171125National Natural Science Foundation of China No. 82371131National STI2030-Major Projects of China No. 2021ZD0201900Shanghai Municipal Commission of Science and Technology No. 18DZ2260200Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Program of Science and Technology Commission No. 20Y11902100Shanghai Shen-Kang Hospital Management Center Project No. SHDC2020CR2044BShanghai Shen-Kang Hospital Management Center Project No. SHDC2020CR3056B
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent sleep disorder characterized by disrupted breathing patterns and dysfunctions in multiple organ systems. Although studies support a close correlation between OSA and immune function, the broader implications and specific manifestations remain unclear. Therefore, it is pressingly needed to identify potential immune-related markers and elucidate underlying immunological mechanisms of OSA. OSA-related datasets (GSE38792) and immune-related genes were downloaded from the GEO and ImmPort databases and intersected to obtain differentially expressed immune-related genes (DEIRGs). GO, KEGG, and GSEA were employed to explore the biological functions of DEIRGs. Immune cells and immune regulation were analyzed by CIBERSORT. The ROC curve was constructed to assess the accuracy of each DEIRG. The co-regulatory networks of transcription factors, microRNAs, and drugs were built using the NetworkAnalyst database and visualized by Cytoscape. The levels of DEIRGs in clinical samples were validated by RT-qPCR. GO, KEGG, and GSEA revealed that DEGs were mainly enriched in negative regulation of immune response and antigen processing and presentation in OSA. IL33, IL10RB, ANGPTL1, EIF2AK2, SEM1, IFNA16, SLC40A1, FCER1G, IL1R1, TNFRSF17, and ERAP2 were identified as DEIRGs among 175 differentially expressed genes in OSA. Memory B cells, mast cells resting, and dendritic cells resting were the predominant immune cells related to DEIRGs. The co-regulatory network contained 128 miRNAs, 40 transcription factors, and 172 drugs/compounds. Finally, IL33, EIF2AK2, IL10RB, and ANGPTL1 were also upregulated in clinical OSA samples. The present study identified potential immune-related biomarkers and systematically elucidated underlying immunological mechanisms of OSA. These findings provide novel insights into the diagnosis, mechanism research, and management strategies for future studies.

Indexed as

BiomarkersComputational BiologySleep Apnea, ObstructiveDatabases, GeneticGene Expression ProfilingGene Expression RegulationGene Regulatory NetworksHumansMicroRNAsBiomarkersMicroRNAsBioinformatics analysisBiomarkersImmune functionImmune-related genesObstructive sleep apnea

Identifiers

PMID40118992
PMCPMC11928569

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.