ArticleEuropean journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics2025
In Vitro and In Vivo Pharmacokinetic Characterization of 7-Hydroxymitragynine, an Active Metabolite of Mitragynine, in Sprague-Dawley Rats.
Article in European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- ACMT Position Statement: Public Health Risks of 7-Hydroxymitragynine and Other Kratom-Associated Compounds.Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology · 2026Article
- From kratom to 7-hydroxymitragynine: evolution of a natural remedy into a public-health threat.Pharmaceutical biology · 2025Review
- Alkaloid biosynthesis in medicinal crop kratom (Frontiers in plant science · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesKratom, a Southeast Asian tree, has been researched for its potential as a therapeutic for substance use disorders. The most abundant alkaloid in kratom, mitragynine, is being investigated individually for opioid use disorder. However, the active metabolite of mitragynine,7-hydroxymitragynine (7-HMG) has raised concerns because of its high binding affinity to μ-opioid receptors and abuse potential. This study examines various pharmacokinetic parameters of 7-HMG in both in vitro and in vivo models.
methodsIn vitro pharmacokinetic properties were investigated using human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell monolayers (Caco-2 cells), rat plasma, rat liver microsomes, and rat hepatocytes to determine the permeability, plasma protein binding, and microsomal and hepatocyte stability of 7-HMG, respectively. Oral and intravenous (IV) pharmacokinetic studies of 7-HMG were performed in male Sprague-Dawley rats.
results7-HMG exhibits high permeability across Caco-2 cells (19.7 ± 1.0 × 10
conclusionsThis study reports the pharmacokinetic parameters of 7-HMG to help with the development of mitragynine, as a therapeutic.
Indexed as
Identifiers
40119246What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.