ArticleEuropean archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery2025
AGR2 activates the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition, invasion, and metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Article in European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Transcription Factor 12 of Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Plays an Essential Role in Retinal Health.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Agr2 in cancer and beyond: unraveling its role during protein synthesis, ER stress, and as a predictive biomarker.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAnterior gradient 2 protein (AGR2) is associated with tumorigenesis and metastasis in different cancers. However, its role in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains unknown. This study aimed to explore the effect of AGR2 on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in NPC and its underlying mechanisms.
methodsAGR2 expression was analyzed in cancerous and para-cancerous tissues from ten NPC patients using RT-qPCR. Western blotting was used to determine the AGR2 protein levels in two NPC cell lines and a nasopharyngeal epithelial cell line. AGR2 was overexpressed or knocked out in NPC cells and its effects on cell viability, migration, invasion, and EMT markers were evaluated in vitro.
resultAGR2 expression was significantly higher in NPC tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues. Similarly, NPC cell lines exhibited increased AGR2 levels compared to the nasopharyngeal epithelial cell line. AGR2 knockout significantly reduced cell viability, migration, and invasion. It also decreased N-cadherin protein levels while increasing E-cadherin, α-SMA, and vimentin expression. Conversely, AGR2 overexpression produced the opposite effects. Furthermore, AGR2 deletion inactivated the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.
conclusionAGR2 promotes tumor progression and EMT in NPC through activation of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. These findings suggest that AGR2 may serve as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for NPC.
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Registered trials
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