Evidence mapPaperPMID 40123264Full record

ArticleEndocrinology, diabetes & metabolism2025

Estimated Glucose Disposal Rate: A Potential Determinant for Microvascular and Macrovascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetes.

Ehsan Bahrami Hezaveh, Rana Hashemi, Mohammadamin Noorafrooz, Fatemeh Mohammadi, Amirhossein Yadegar, Sahar Karimpour Reyhan, Manouchehr Nakhjavani, Alireza Esteghamati, Soghra Rabizadeh

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Article in Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Ehsan Bahrami HezavehEndocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex (IKHC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Rana HashemiEndocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex (IKHC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Mohammadamin NoorafroozEndocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex (IKHC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Fatemeh MohammadiEndocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex (IKHC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Amirhossein YadegarEndocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex (IKHC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Sahar Karimpour ReyhanEndocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex (IKHC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Manouchehr NakhjavaniEndocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex (IKHC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.ORCID 0000-0002-9744-2328
Alireza EsteghamatiEndocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex (IKHC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Soghra RabizadehEndocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex (IKHC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.ORCID 0000-0002-3752-302X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThis study investigates the association between estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR), a measurement of insulin resistance, and microvascular and macrovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

methodsThis cross-sectional study enrolled 7471 patients with T2D from 2010 to 2023. The eGDR was calculated using waist circumference, HbA1C levels, and hypertension status. Logistic regression analysis and restricted cubic splines were utilised to examine the relationship between eGDR and vascular complications, including nephropathy, retinopathy, and coronary artery disease (CAD). The robustness of the results and between-group interactions were examined by sensitivity and subgroup analysis. Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was employed to assess the discriminatory value of the adjusted model for T2D vascular complications.

resultsAmong participants, 56.5% were female, with a mean age of 57.04 ± 11.05 years and a median of 8 years of diabetes duration. In the final adjusted model, each unit increase in the standard deviation of eGDR was significantly associated with a 23.6%, 24.8% and 29.6% decrease in the odds of nephropathy, retinopathy, and CAD, respectively. There was a significant association between higher eGDR quartiles compared to Q1 for all complications (p < 0.05). The Q4 group had the lowest adjusted odds ratios (ORs) compared to the Q1 group for all complications; the OR of Q4 was 0.549 for nephropathy, 0.360 for retinopathy, and 0.396 for CAD (p < 0.001). The restricted cubic spline for nephropathy followed a negative nonlinear association with eGDR, whereas for retinopathy and CAD, it followed a negative linear pattern. The effect of eGDR was consistent among different subgroups. The ROC curve analysis of the adjusted model showed good discriminatory power for all complications.

conclusionIn patients with type 2 diabetes, a higher eGDR was significantly associated with a lower risk of microvascular and macrovascular complications, regardless of well-known confounders.

Indexed as

Blood GlucoseDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Diabetic AngiopathiesInsulin ResistanceAgedCross-Sectional StudiesDiabetic NephropathiesDiabetic RetinopathyFemaleGlycated HemoglobinHumansMaleMiddle AgedRisk FactorsBlood GlucoseGlycated Hemoglobincoronary artery diseaseestimated glucose disposal rateinsulin resistancemacrovascular complicationsmicrovascular complicationsnephropathyretinopathytype 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID40123264
PMCPMC11931081

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.