Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40123346›Full record

Observational studyJournal of diabetes investigation2025

Blood pressure and the risk of diabetes: A longitudinal observational study based on Chinese individuals.

Zhiqiang Zhang, Hejun Chen, Lei Chen, Wenyan Liang, Tenglong Hu, Na Sun, Yangyu Zhao, Xiqing Wei

Abstract readObservational Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in Journal of diabetes investigation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Zhiqiang Zhang *Department of Cardiology, Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China.
Hejun Chen *Graduate School of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
Lei ChenDepartment of Cardiology, Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China.
Wenyan LiangDepartment of Cardiology, Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China.
Tenglong HuDepartment of Cardiology, Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China.
Na SunDepartment of Cardiology, Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China.
Yangyu ZhaoDepartment of Cardiology, Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China.
Xiqing WeiDepartment of Cardiology, Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6647-276X

Funding

Jining City Science and Technology Key Research and Development Program 2021YXNS069Shandong Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Science & Technology Project Z2023116
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundWith lifestyle changes, the incidence of diabetes has been steadily increasing, and hypertension remains a significant risk factor impacting cardiovascular health. Understanding the potential effects of blood pressure on diabetes risk is, therefore, crucial. This study aims to comprehensively explore the relationship between blood pressure and diabetes risk.

methodsA total of 211,809 individuals undergoing health check-ups were included in this analysis. Participants were divided into four groups based on the quartiles of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, with the primary outcome being the incidence of new-onset diabetes.

resultsOver an average follow-up period of 3.1 years (±0.94 years), 3,000 men (1.42%) and 1,173 women (0.55%) were newly diagnosed with diabetes. Multivariable Cox regression analysis demonstrated that blood pressure is an independent predictor of new-onset diabetes (systolic blood pressure HR 1.07 per SD increase, 95% CI: 1.01-1.12, P for trend <0.001; diastolic blood pressure HR 1.11 per SD increase, 95% CI: 1.06-1.17, P for trend 0.001). The optimal cutoff for systolic blood pressure in predicting new-onset diabetes was found to be 123 mmHg (area under the curve 0.7014, sensitivity 0.65, specificity 0.64), which was superior to the predictive efficacy of diastolic blood pressure (area under the curve 0.6645, sensitivity 0.63, specificity 0.62). Subgroup analyses indicated that the risk of blood pressure-related diabetes was significantly higher in middle-aged individuals compared to older adults (P for interaction <0.05). Additionally, women showed a higher risk of systolic blood pressure-related diabetes than men, and normal-weight individuals exhibited a higher risk than those with obesity (P for interaction <0.05).

conclusionsThis cohort study within a Chinese population highlights that, after adjusting for other confounding factors, blood pressure is an independent risk factor for diabetes. This association is particularly pronounced among middle-aged individuals, women, and those of normal weight. Moreover, systolic blood pressure demonstrates superior predictive efficacy for diabetes compared to diastolic blood pressure.

Indexed as

Blood PressureDiabetes MellitusHypertensionAdultAgedChinaEast Asian PeopleFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansIncidenceLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedPrognosisRisk FactorsBlood pressureCohort studyDiabetes

Identifiers

PMID40123346
PMCPMC12131931

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.