Evidence mapPaperPMID 40123989Full record

ReviewJournal of diabetes and metabolic disorders2025

Once-weekly Basal Insulin Fc versus daily insulin degludec for glycemic control in diabetes: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression.

Sandesh Raja, Adarsh Raja, Azzam Ali, Muhammad Sohaib Asghar

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Article
  4. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Sandesh RajaDow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.ORCID 0000-0003-3158-534X
Adarsh RajaShaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical College Lyari, Karachi, Pakistan.
Azzam AliDow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
Muhammad Sohaib AsgharAdventhealth , Sebring, FL USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes management often requires insulin therapy, yet adherence to daily injections can be challenging due to complexity, injection pain, and fear of hypoglycemia. Basal Insulin Fc (BIF) is a novel once-weekly insulin analog designed to simplify regimens, improve adherence, and enhance glycemic control. This meta-analysis evaluates the efficacy and safety of BIF compared to once-daily insulin degludec. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Google Scholar, EBSCO, ScienceDirect, and the Cochrane Library, along with ClinicalTrials.gov, was conducted up to November 2024 to identify RCTs comparing BIF with insulin degludec. The search employed MeSH terms like "type 1 diabetes mellitus," "type 2 diabetes mellitus," "once weekly basal insulin Fc," and "insulin degludec." Studies were screened in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, and data on glycemic outcomes, safety, and patient demographics were extracted. Statistical analysis included pooled mean differences (MD) and risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using random-effects models. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I Results: Five RCTs with 2,562 participants (Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes) were included. BIF showed non-inferiority to degludec in HbA1c reduction (MD 0.03, Conclusion: BIF offers comparable glycemic control to insulin degludec while reducing injection frequency, potentially enhancing adherence. However, increased hypoglycemia risks in certain subgroups and higher adverse event rates warrant further evaluation. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-025-01602-y.

Indexed as

Basal Insulin FcDegludecDiabetes mellitusGlycemic controlMeta-analysis

Identifiers

PMID40123989
PMCPMC11923323

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.