ReviewProgress in additive manufacturing2025
4D fabrication of shape-changing systems for tissue engineering: state of the art and perspectives.
Review in Progress in additive manufacturing, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Next-generation epidermal patches: Bridging 3D and multidimensional printing for biomedical and personal care innovations.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- Regenerative and Stem Cell-Based Therapies for Arthritis: Harnessing Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Exosomes, and Bioengineered Scaffolds for Functional Joint Repair.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2026Review
- From Smart Hydrogel Design to 4D-Printed Scaffolds: Emerging Paradigms in Precision Drug Delivery and Regenerative Wound Therapy.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- 4D morphogenetic tissue engineering via gradient-crosslinked microporous hydrogel scaffolds.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Unconventional bioprinting modalities for advanced tissue biofabrication.Biomaterials · 2026Review
- 4D Printing in Regenerative Medicine: Bio-Inspired Applications for Dynamic Tissue Repair.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Review
- Smart biomaterials for cardiovascular, bone, and skin tissue engineering: mechanisms, applications, and future prospects.Journal of biological engineering · 2026Review
- Exercise-Based Mechanotherapy: From Biomechanical Principles and Mechanotransduction to Precision Regenerative Rehabilitation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Tailoring the Shape-Memory Performance of 2D and 3D Fabricated Semi-Crystalline PCL Networks Via Optimal Crosslinking.Macromolecular rapid communications · 2026Article
- Shape memory hydrogels in tissue engineering: Recent advances and challenges.Bioactive materials · 2025Review
- Woven solutions for tissue engineering: Next-generation heart valves from fiber to function.American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice · 2025Article
- Review
- 4D-printed microdevices for spatiotemporal detection of ctDNA and miRNA in pancreatic cancer: an in-depth review.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- Stimuli-responsive hybrid materials for 4DMaterials today. Bio · 2025Review
- Bioengineered Approaches for Esophageal Regeneration: Advancing Esophageal Cancer Therapy.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In recent years, four-dimensional (4D) fabrication has emerged as a powerful technology capable of revolutionizing the field of tissue engineering. This technology represents a shift in perspective from traditional tissue engineering approaches, which generally rely on static-or passive-structures (e.g., scaffolds, constructs) unable of adapting to changes in biological environments. In contrast, 4D fabrication offers the unprecedented possibility of fabricating complex designs with spatiotemporal control over structure and function in response to environment stimuli, thus mimicking biological processes. In this review, an overview of the state of the art of 4D fabrication technology for the obtainment of cellularized constructs is presented, with a focus on shape-changing soft materials. First, the approaches to obtain cellularized constructs are introduced, also describing conventional and non-conventional fabrication techniques with their relative advantages and limitations. Next, the main families of shape-changing soft materials, namely shape-memory polymers and shape-memory hydrogels are discussed and their use in 4D fabrication in the field of tissue engineering is described. Ultimately, current challenges and proposed solutions are outlined, and valuable insights into future research directions of 4D fabrication for tissue engineering are provided to disclose its full potential.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.