Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40126723›Full record

ArticleMetabolic brain disease2025

Sodium butyrate alleviates spinal cord injury via inhibition of NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis.

Yanru Cui, Qiuyu Cen, Jing Feng, Juanfang Wei, Linjie Wang, Cong Chang, Rizhao Pang, Junyu Wang, Anren Zhang

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Metabolic brain disease, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Yanru Cui *Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China.ORCID 0009-0005-1223-5338
Qiuyu Cen *Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Jing Feng *Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Juanfang WeiCollege of Physical Education and Health, Geely University of China, Chengdu, China.
Linjie WangDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China.
Cong ChangChengdu Eighth People's Hospital (Geriatric Hospital of Chengdu Medical College), Chengdu, China.
Rizhao PangDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China. przprz17@126.com.
Junyu WangDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China. wjy03150618@163.com.
Anren ZhangDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China. anren0124@tongji.edu.cn.

Funding

the Hongkou District health committee project HONGWEI-2403-05the Tongji University Affiliated Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Research Launch Special Fund SYKYQD0201the Tongji University Affiliated Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Talent Promotion Program Project SY-XKZT-2023-1013Tongji University Affiliated Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Talent Promotion Program Project SY-XKZT-2023-1006
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)/cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase 1 (Caspase-1)/gasdermin D (GSDMD)-mediated pyroptosis is linked to spinal cord injury (SCI) pathogenesis. The levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), especially butyric acid, are significantly altered after SCI. Sodium butyrate (NaB) has anti-inflammatory effects on SCI; however, its effect on pyroptosis is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the role of NaB in SCI functional recovery and its effect on NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis. SCI model rats were established using aneurysm clips. After SCI, rats were administered NaB (300 mg/kg) via gavage. SCFAs in faeces were measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Motor function recovery was assessed using cylinder rearing and grooming tests. Histopathological analysis was performed using haematoxylin-eosin staining, transmission electron microscopy, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labelling. The expression of proteins associated with pyroptosis signalling pathways was analysed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. SCFAs levels, particularly butyric acid, significantly decreased after SCI. NaB treatment promoted forelimb motor function recovery and attenuated pathological SCI. NaB also decreased spinal pro-inflammatory factors (interleukin-18 and interleukin-1β) and downregulated pyroptosis-related proteins, including NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein, Caspase-1, and GSDMD. NaB inhibits NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD-mediated neuronal pyroptosis and inflammation, exerting protective and therapeutic effects in SCI, suggesting NaB as an effective SCI treatment.

Indexed as

Butyric AcidCaspase 1NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 ProteinPhosphate-Binding ProteinsPyroptosisSpinal Cord InjuriesAnimalsGasderminsMaleRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyRecovery of FunctionButyric AcidCaspase 1GasderminsGsdmd protein, ratNLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 ProteinNlrp3 protein, ratPhosphate-Binding ProteinsNeuroinflammationPyroptosisSodium butyrateSpinal cord injury

Identifiers

PMID40126723
PMCPMC11933225

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.