Evidence mapPaperPMID 40128013Full record

Observational studyMedicine2025

Association between gamma-glutamyl transferase and diabetes factors among elderly nonobese individuals.

Chih-Tsueng He, Fang-Yu Chen, Chun-Heng Kuo, Chung-Yu Lin, Dee Pei, Pietro Pitrone, Jin-Shuen Chen, Chung-Ze Wu

Abstract readObservational Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in Medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Chih-Tsueng HeDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan, R.O.C.ORCID 0000-0002-1918-5186
Fang-Yu ChenDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, R.O.C.ORCID 0000-0001-8294-0554
Chun-Heng KuoDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, R.O.C.ORCID 0000-0001-7673-3567
Chung-Yu LinDepartment of Cardiology, Graduate Institute of Business Administration, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, R.O.C.ORCID 0009-0003-1209-3603
Dee PeiDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, R.O.C.ORCID 0000-0003-3080-4248
Pietro PitroneRadiology Department, Papardo Hospital, Messina, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-7339-2701
Jin-Shuen ChenKaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, R.O.C.ORCID 0000-0002-8697-7968
Chung-Ze WuDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan, R.O.C.ORCID 0000-0001-6118-6070

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a significant health concern among elderly individuals in Taiwan, and liver dysfunction, particularly nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, is prevalent in this population. Gamma-glutamyl transferase (γ-GT), a key enzyme involved in glutathione metabolism, has been linked to metabolic disorders, including insulin resistance (IR) and diabetes. However, its association with insulin secretion phases (first-phase insulin secretion, FPIS; second-phase insulin secretion, SPIS) and glucose effectiveness (GE) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate these relationships in elderly nonobese Chinese individuals. A total of 10,933 participants (5082 men and 5851 women) aged ≥ 65 years were enrolled. Participants were classified based on metabolic syndrome (MetS) status and γ-GT quartiles. Blood samples were analyzed for γ-GT, fasting plasma glucose, insulin resistance, and lipid profiles. The study used established equations to calculate IR, FPIS, SPIS, and GE. Pearson correlation analysis and statistical models were applied to assess the associations. 768 men and 794 women had MetS. Those with MetS had higher IR, FPIS, SPIS, γ-GT levels, and lower GE. Higher γ-GT levels were significantly associated with MetS components and increased IR, FPIS, SPIS, and decreased GE. GE had the strongest negative correlation (r = -0.198 for men, -0.158 for women), followed by positive correlations with IR (r = 0.183 for men, 0.132 for women), SPIS (r = 0.099 for men, 0.060 for women), and FPIS (r = 0.028 for men, 0.048 for women). γ-GT was positively associated with IR, FPIS, and SPIS but negatively correlated with GE in elderly individuals. Among the 4 diabetes factors, GE exhibited the strongest correlation with γ-GT, followed by IR, SPIS, and FPIS. These findings highlight the need for further research into the role of γ-GT in glucose metabolism and potential clinical implications for elderly nonobese Chinese populations.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2gamma-GlutamyltransferaseMetabolic SyndromeAgedAged, 80 and overBlood GlucoseCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansInsulin ResistanceInsulin SecretionMaleTaiwanBlood Glucosegamma-Glutamyltransferase

Identifiers

PMID40128013
PMCPMC11936563

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.