Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40131489›Full record

ArticleClinical oral investigations2025

Salivary trimethylamine N-oxide: a novel non-invasive marker for periodontal inflammation.

Ceyhan C Serdar, Zeliha Guney, Nur Balci, Sema M Altingoz, Muhittin A Serdar, Sivge Kurgan

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Article in Clinical oral investigations, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Ceyhan C SerdarDepartment of Medical Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Ankara Medipol University, Ankara, Turkey.
Zeliha GuneyDepartment of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara Medipol University, Ankara, Turkey.
Nur BalciDepartment of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Sema M AltingozFaculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Lokman Hekim University, Ankara, Turkey.
Muhittin A SerdarDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Acibadem University, İstanbul, Turkey.
Sivge KurganDepartment of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Ankara University, 06500, Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey. sivgeakgun@gmail.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTrimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) has been implicated in systemic inflammatory pathways, emphasizing its potential as a biomarker. Elevated plasma TMAO levels have been associated with increased oxidative stress, leading to higher plasma concentrations of TNF-α, a key pro-inflammatory cytokine. Given this systemic inflammatory linkage, saliva-a non-invasive diagnostic medium-offers a unique opportunity to reflect both local and systemic inflammatory changes. This study aimed to evaluate the alterations in salivary and serum TMAO levels in periodontitis and assess the diagnostic potential of salivary TMAO as an indicator of periodontal inflammation. MATERIALS AND

methodsTwenty-four patients with periodontitis (Stage III Grade B) and 24 healthy controls were included. Clinical parameters (probing depth (PD), plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), and clinical attachment loss (CAL)) were recorded. TMAO levels in saliva and serum were measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and TNF-α levels were assessed using Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA).

resultsSalivary and serum TMAO levels and salivary TNF-α levels were significantly higher in the periodontitis group (p = 0.003, p = 0.004, and p = 0.031, respectively). Salivary TMAO showed positive correlations with periodontal parameters (p < 0.05) and salivary TNF-α levels. A significant positive correlation was also observed between salivary and serum TMAO levels (p < 0.001). Salivary TMAO was the accurate biomarker in differentiating between periodontitis and controls (sensitivity = 0.583, specificity = 0.833, AUC = 0.747).

conclusionsSalivary TMAO demonstrates potential as a non-invasive marker for periodontitis, showing correlations with clinical parameters and inflammatory markers. These findings suggest that TMAO may reflect both local and systemic inflammatory states associated with periodontal disease. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Salivary TMAO may serve as a potential non-invasive indicator of periodontitis, as it reflects aspects of both local and systemic inflammation, offering insights into periodontal disease status.

Indexed as

MethylaminesPeriodontitisSalivaAdultBiomarkersCase-Control StudiesChromatography, LiquidEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPeriodontal IndexTandem Mass SpectrometryTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaBiomarkersMethylaminestrimethyloxamineTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaLiquid biopsy-based diagnosticsPeriodontitisTrimethylamine N-oxide

Identifiers

PMID40131489
PMCPMC11937144

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.