Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40133287›Full record

ReviewBDJ open2025

Concerns regarding deployment of AI-based applications in dentistry - a review.

Abhishek Lal, Ayesha Nooruddin, Fahad Umer

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in BDJ open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Abhishek LalDepartment of Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0018-7069
Ayesha NooruddinDepartment of Surgery, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Fahad UmerDepartment of Surgery, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan. dr.fahadumer@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3817-5941

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionArtificial Intelligence (AI) is a rapidly evolving technology, with various applications in dentistry including diagnosis, treatment planning, and prognosis. There are various AI-based applications for dental practitioners, however, their real-world evaluation through deployement studies is scarce, as most of the studies are validation studies. This review explores the potential pitfalls of focusing solely on technical performance metrics when evaluating AI-based applications in dentistry while overlooking the importance of clinical applicability.

methodsAn electronic search was performed on PubMed and Scopus while a manual search was conducted on Google Scholar "Dentistry", "Dental", "Artificial Intelligence", "Deep Learning, "Machine Learning", "Applications", "Diagnocat", "CephX", "Denti.AI", "VideaAI", "Smile Designer", "Overjet", "DentalXR.AI", "Smilo.AI", "Smile.AI", "Pearl", "AI deployment challenges in dental practice", "AI for treatment planning in dentistry", "AI in dental imaging", and "AI-based diagnosis in dentistry".

resultsThe electronic search yielded a total of 34 studies, while 10 additional studies were obtained through a manual search, resulting in a total of 44 studies included in this review.  Among the 44 studies analyzed, 26 studies were retrospective, while 7 studies utilized a comparative design. The remaining studies comprised of 3 observational, 5 validation, 2 cross-sectional, and 1 prospective study. Further to evaluate the identified applications, relevant companies were contacted via email. Only one company's representative responded, offering a limited trial version which was insufficient for evaluating the application's effectiveness. AI technologies may offer lots of benefits for dental practice by enhancing patient-health-based outcomes, however, real-world applications are necessary to ensure its safety.

conclusionThis work highlights the need for conducting deployment studies for such AI-based dental applications to translate and implement them into dental practice. Collaboration with stakeholders and dental practitioners to assess the use of such applications is of paramount importance.

Identifiers

PMID40133287
PMCPMC11937414

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.