Evidence mapPaperPMID 40133921Full record

ArticleLipids in health and disease2025

Changes in non-high-density lipoprotein to high-density lipoprotein ratio (NHHR) and cardiovascular disease: insights from CHARLS.

Bingxue Wang, LiYing Li, Ying Tang, Ting Lin, Jing Wu, Guoqi Wang, Xingwu Ran

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Article in Lipids in health and disease, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.

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22citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed.

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  13. Determinants of Liver Steatosis Progression in Chinese Children: A Prospective Cohort Study.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2026
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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Bingxue Wang *Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
LiYing Li *Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital, Kunming, China.
Ying TangDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Ting LinDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Jing WuDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Guoqi WangWest China Hospital, General Practice Medical Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Xingwu RanDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. ranxingwu@163.com.

Funding

1.3.5 project for Disciplines of Excellence, West China Hospital, Sichuan University ZYGD 24005Science and Technology Bureau of Sichuan Province 2024YFFK0290the Health Commission of Sichuan Province 23LCYJ042
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe established association between the non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk has been well-documented. Nevertheless, the relationship between changes in NHHR and CVD events remains to be elucidated. The present study aims to clarify the correlation between NHHR change patterns and the incidence of CVD across a broad population.

methodsThe current study recruited participants from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). The NHHR index was calculated using the formula: NHHR = (TC-HDL-c)/HDL-c. Temporal changes in NHHR were assessed with latent profile analysis, and cumulative NHHR was also evaluated. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models and multivariate-adjusted restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses were employed to examine the association between the NHHR index and incident CVD.

resultsA total of 4,629 individuals were recruited for the study. The average age of the participants was 57.47 years, with 53.7% being female. Over the follow-up period, 879 cases of CVD were documented. Compared to participants in the lowest tertile, those in the highest tertile for both baseline NHHR and cumulative NHHR exhibited a significantly increased risk of CVD, with adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.43 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21-1.70) and 1.45 (95% CI: 1.23-1.72), respectively. Participants classified in Class 2 demonstrated a 27% higher risk of CVD, while those in Class 3 showed a 41% greater risk compared to the Class 1 group. Further analysis revealed that this relationship was linear. Stratified analyses corroborated the primary findings.

conclusionBaseline NHHR, cumulative NHHR, and changes in NHHR are significantly associated with an increased risk of CVD among individuals aged 45 years and older, thereby confirming their potential as valuable tools for risk stratification in CVD.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesCholesterol, HDLAgedChinaCholesterol, LDLFemaleHumansIncidenceLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedProportional Hazards ModelsRisk FactorsCholesterol, HDLCholesterol, LDLAtherosclerosisCardiovascular diseaseCHARLSDynamic changesNHHR index

Identifiers

PMID40133921
PMCPMC11934592

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.