ReviewFrontiers in immunology2025
The immunomodulatory effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists in neurogenerative diseases and ischemic stroke treatment.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- GLP-1 receptor agonists in stroke prevention: a narrative review on emerging therapeutic frontiers.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Neurotoxic effects of dietary glutamate in glaucoma and potential nutritional and pharmacological therapies: a scoping review.International ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Intermittent fasting alters the antigen-specific CD5+ B-1 cell natural antibody repertoire in male and female mice.ImmunoHorizons · 2026Article
- Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in neurodegenerative diseases: a bibliometric analysis of global research trends and research hotspots from 2006 to 2025.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Autoimmune Disease Risk With GLP-1RA, DPP-4i, and SGLT2i Treatment in Patients With Diabetes.ACR open rheumatology · 2026Article
- Linagliptin, a Selective DPP-4 Inhibitor, Attenuates Ketamine- and Diazepam-Induced Deficits in Passive Avoidance Performance in Mice.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Dietary Fiber and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Obesity Management: Converging Mechanisms, Interactions, and Strategies for Durable Weight Control.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Review
- Utility of the 4-meter backward walking speed test in older adults with neurodegenerative diseases.Irish journal of medical science · 2026Article
- Integrating GLP-1 Receptor Agonists into Modern Stroke Prevention: Evidence, Mechanisms, and Clinical Consideration-A Narrative Review.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Preoperative Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Therapy in Bariatric Surgery Patients With Morbid Obesity (PreMO): Rationale and Study Design for a Randomized Controlled Trial.The Journal of surgical research · 2026Article
- Clinical effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist in type 2 diabetes with low body mass index: findings from large-scale emulated target trials.International journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Antidiabetic Agents as Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Therapies in Neurological and Cardiovascular Diseases.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- miR-21-5p Alleviates Retinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting M1 Polarization of Microglia via Suppression of STAT3 Signaling.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Impaired Efferocytosis of Pericytes and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Diabetic Retinopathy.Cells · 2025Review
- Targeting Inflammation with Natural Products: A Mechanistic Review of Iridoids from Bulgarian Medicinal Plants.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Emerging Frontiers in GLP-1 Therapeutics: A Comprehensive Evidence Base (2025).Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- The status of readiness for hospital discharge of patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment and its relationship with post-discharge social isolation.BMC public health · 2025Observational
- Early GLP-1 Agonist Use and Cancer Risk in Type 2 Diabetes: A Real-World Data Cohort Study.Oncology research · 2025Article
- The Clinical Application of GLP-1RAs and GLP-1/GIP Dual Receptor Agonists Based on Pharmacological Mechanisms: A Review.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor is widely distributed in the digestive system, cardiovascular system, adipose tissue and central nervous system. Numerous GLP-1 receptor-targeting drugs have been investigated in clinical studies for various indications, including type 2 diabetes and obesity (accounts for 70% of the total studies), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. This review presented fundamental information regarding two categories of GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs): peptide-based and small molecule compounds, and elaborated their potential neuroprotective effects by inhibiting neuroinflammation, reducing neuronal apoptosis, and ultimately improving cognitive function in various neurodegenerative diseases. As a new hypoglycemic drug, GLP-1RA has a unique role in reducing the concurrent risk of stroke in T2D patients. Given the infiltration of various peripheral immune cells into brain tissue, particularly in the areas surrounding the infarct lesion, we further investigated the potential immune regulatory mechanisms. GLP-1RA could not only facilitate the M2 polarization of microglia through both direct and indirect pathways, but also modulate the quantity and function of T cell subtypes, including CD4, CD8, and regulatory T cells, resulting into the inhibition of inflammatory responses and the promotion of neuronal regeneration through interleukin-10 secretion. Therefore, we believe that the "Tregs-microglia-neuron/neural precursor cells" axis is instrumental in mediating immune suppression and neuroprotection in the context of ischemic stroke. Given the benefits of rapid diffusion, favorable blood-brain barrier permeability and versatile administration routes, these small molecule compounds will be one of the important candidates of GLP-1RA. We look forward to the further clinical evidence of small molecule GLP-1RA intervention in ischemic stroke or T2D complicated by ischemic stroke.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.