ArticleCells2025
Capturing the Heterogeneity of the PDAC Tumor Microenvironment: Novel Triple Co-Culture Spheroids for Drug Screening and Angiogenic Evaluation.
Article in Cells, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- A pancreatic cancer organoid-macrophage co-culture using starPEG-heparin hydrogel deciphers tumor-immune cell interactions.NPJ precision oncology · 2026Article
- PK-Informed Microphysiological Systems: From Dynamic Dosing to Quantitative In Vitro-In Vivo Translation.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Desmoplasia and therapeutic resistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.Cancer letters · 2026Review
- Short cold atmospheric plasma treatment preserves vascular quiescence in 3D tumor-stroma-endothelial models of pancreatic cancer in vitro and in ovo.NPJ precision oncology · 2025Article
- Review
- Bioengineering 3D Pancreatic Cancer Models with Fibrotic Stroma for In Vitro Cancer Modeling.Micromachines · 2025Review
- Simulating tumor complexity: 3D pancreatic tumor spheroid model for improved drug screening.Human cell · 2025Article
- Construction and application of pancreatic exocrine organoid and spheroid for drug screening and precision medicine.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) presents significant treatment challenges due to its desmoplastic reaction, which impedes therapeutic effectiveness, highlighting the need for advanced vitro models to better mimic the complex tumor environment. The current three-dimensional co-culture models of fibroblasts and endothelial cells are lacking, which presents a challenge for performing more comprehensive in vitro research. Our study developed triple co-culture spheroid models using MiaPaCa-2 and BxPC-3 cancer cell lines, with RLT-PSC and hPSC21 pancreatic stellate cell lines and the endothelial cell line HMEC-1. These models were assessed through growth assays, multicolor flow cytometry to optimize cell ratios, cell viability assays to evaluate drug responses, and a tube formation assay with a spheroid-conditioned medium to examine angiogenesis. Our triple co-culture spheroids effectively replicate the PDAC microenvironment, showing significant variations in drug responses influenced by cellular composition, density, and spatial arrangement. The tube formation assay showcased the potential of our models to quantitatively assess a treatment-induced angiogenic response. These cost-effective triple-co-culture in vitro spheroid models provide vital insights into the PDAC microenvironment, significantly improving the quality of the in vitro evaluation of treatment responses.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.