Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40137169›Full record

ArticleMetabolites2025

Targeted Detection of 76 Carnitine Indicators Combined with a Machine Learning Algorithm Based on HPLC-MS/MS in the Diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Rui Zhang, Juan Wang, Xiaonan Zhai, Yuanbing Guo, Lei Zhou, Xiaoyan Hao, Liu Yang, Ruiqing Xing, Juanjuan Hu, Jiawei Gao and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Metabolites, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Rui ZhangDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China.
Juan WangDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China.
Xiaonan ZhaiDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China.
Yuanbing GuoDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China.
Lei ZhouDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China.
Xiaoyan HaoDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China.
Liu YangDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China.
Ruiqing XingDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China.
Juanjuan HuDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China.
Jiawei GaoDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China.
Fengjuan WangDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China.
Jun YangComprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8126-1728
Jiayun LiuDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China.

Funding

Key Research and Development Plan of Shaanxi Province 2021ZDLSF06-06Shaanxi Province Innovation Capability Supporting Program 2021LXZX3-01
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND/

objectivesEarly diagnosis and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are essential to reducing disability. However, the diagnostic criteria remain unclear, relying on clinical symptoms and blood markers.

methodsUsing high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) targeted detection, we evaluated 76 carnitine indicators (55 carnitines and 21 corresponding ratios) in the serum of patients with RA to investigate the role of carnitine in RA. A total of 359 patients (207 patients with RA and 152 healthy controls) were included in the study. Screening involved three methods and integrated 76 carnitine indicators and 128 clinical indicators to identify candidate markers to establish a theoretical basis for RA diagnosis and new therapeutic targets. The diagnostic model derived from the screened markers was validated using three machine learning algorithms.

resultsThe model was refined using eight candidate indicators (C0, C10:1, LYMPH, platelet distribution width, anti-keratin antibody, glucose, urobilinogen, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)). The receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the V8 model obtained from the training set were >0.948, 79.46%, 92.99%, and 89.18%, whereas those of the test set were >0.925, 78.89%, 89.22%, and 85.87%, respectively. Twenty-four carnitines were identified as risk factors of RA, with three significantly correlating with ESR, four with anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody activity, two with C-reactive protein, five with immunoglobulin-G, eight with immunoglobulin-A levels, and eleven with immunoglobulin-M levels.

conclusionsCarnitine is integral in the progression of RA. The diagnostic model developed shows excellent diagnostic capacity, improving early detection and enabling timely intervention to minimize disability associated with RA.

Indexed as

autoimmune disease pathogenesiscarnitine metabolismHPLC-MS/MS analysisinflammatory biomarkersmachine learning diagnostic modelsrheumatoid arthritis diagnosis

Identifiers

PMID40137169
PMCPMC11944147

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.