ArticlePlant physiology2025
PHOTOPERIOD 1 enhances stress resistance and energy metabolism to promote spike fertility in barley under high ambient temperatures.
Article in Plant physiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Shaping Plant Adaptation in a Warmer World: Developmental Plasticity Under Moderately Elevated Temperatures.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Golden Promise-rapid, a fast-cycling and transformable barley genotype.Journal of experimental botany · 2026Article
- Diploid- and tetraploid wall barley exhibit alternative molecular responses but comparable reproductive performance in response to different ambient temperature regimes.The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · 2026Article
- Scaling law links plant growth variation to grain yield in wheat stands.The New phytologist · 2026Article
- Molecular Evolution of Plant SULTR Proteins and Expression Analysis of HvSULTR Under Heat Stress in Barley.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
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Abstract
High ambient temperature (HT) impairs reproductive development and grain yield in temperate crops. To ensure reproductive success under HT, plants must maintain developmental stability. However, the mechanisms integrating plant development and temperature resistance are largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that PHOTOPERIOD 1 (PPD-H1), homologous to PSEUDO RESPONSE REGULATOR genes of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) circadian clock, controls developmental stability in response to HT in barley (Hordeum vulgare). We analyzed the HT responses in independent introgression lines with either the ancestral wild-type Ppd-H1 allele or the natural ppd-h1 variant, selected in spring varieties to delay flowering and enhance yield under favorable conditions. HT delayed inflorescence development and reduced grain number in ppd-h1 mutant lines, while the wild-type Ppd-H1 genotypes exhibited accelerated reproductive development and showed a stable grain set under HT. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing of Ppd-H1 demonstrated that the CONSTANS, CO-like, and TOC1 domain of Ppd-H1 controls developmental stability, but not clock gene expression. Transcriptome and phytohormone analyses in developing leaves and inflorescences revealed increased expression levels of stress-responsive genes and abscisic acid levels in the leaf and inflorescence of the natural and induced mutant ppd-h1 lines. Furthermore, the ppd-h1 lines displayed downregulated photosynthesis- and energy metabolism-related genes, as well as decreased auxin and cytokinin levels in the inflorescence, which impaired anther and pollen development. In contrast, the transcriptome, phytohormone levels, and anther and pollen development remained stable under HT in the wild-type Ppd-H1 plants. Our findings suggest that Ppd-H1 enhances stress resistance and energy metabolism, thereby stabilizing reproductive development, floret fertility, and grain set under HT.
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