Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40140209›Full record

ArticleJournal of autism and developmental disorders2026

Exploring Psychotropic Medication Use in Hospitalized Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder in China: The Role of Intellectual Disability.

Wenqing Li, Chenxi Bao, Yupei Ye, Qingxiang Liu, Kangkang Chu, Ya Wang, Xiaoyan Ruan, Huimin Lü, Xi Liu, Xiaoyan Ke

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Wenqing LiChild Mental Health Research Center, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, NO.264 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
Chenxi BaoChild Mental Health Research Center, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, NO.264 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
Yupei YeChild Mental Health Research Center, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, NO.264 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
Qingxiang LiuChild Mental Health Research Center, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, NO.264 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
Kangkang ChuChild Mental Health Research Center, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, NO.264 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
Ya WangChild Mental Health Research Center, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, NO.264 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
Xiaoyan RuanChild Mental Health Research Center, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, NO.264 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
Huimin LüChild Mental Health Research Center, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, NO.264 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
Xi LiuChild Mental Health Research Center, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, NO.264 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
Xiaoyan KeChild Mental Health Research Center, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, NO.264 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China. kexiaoyan@njmu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-9492-3192

Funding

Project of Nanjing Rehabilitation Medical Center in JiangSu Province, China (2020) Project of Nanjing Rehabilitation Medical Center in JiangSu Province, China (2020)
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) frequently present with mental health comorbidities and behavioral crises, necessitating inpatient care. However, evidence-based guidelines for psychotropic medication use in specialized inpatient settings remain limited, particularly in non-Western contexts. This study examined the clinical characteristics and prescribing patterns among 269 hospitalized ASD patients (2012-2023), with a focus on how intellectual disability (ID) influences medication decisions. A retrospective analysis was conducted using electronic medical records to assess mental disorders, behavioral challenges, and psychotropic medication use at discharge. Logistic regression analyses was performed to examine factors associated with medication prescribing patterns, including the impact of ID status. Psychotropic medication use was highly prevalent (96.7%), with antipsychotics (89.96%) being the most frequently prescribed class, followed by anxiolytics (35.32%) and antidepressants (33.09%). ID was significantly associated with distinct prescribing patterns: patients with ID had 63% lower odds of antidepressant use (aOR = 0.37, p = 0.001) and 80% lower odds of ADHD medication use (aOR = 0.20, p = 0.009), while being more likely to receive antipsychotics (aOR = 2.74, p = 0.049) and experience polypharmacy (aOR = 1.89, p = 0.028). Additionally, disruptive behaviors and age were key predictors of antipsychotic use, whereas suicidal thoughts/attempts or SIBs independently predicted antidepressant prescribing. These findings suggest that ID status plays a critical role in shaping psychotropic prescribing practices beyond symptom severity alone, potentially reflecting diagnostic overshadowing and safety concerns. Future research should focus on developing tailored clinical assessment tools and treatment protocols for ASD populations with and without ID, while enhancing individualized medication monitoring to optimize therapeutic outcomes.

Indexed as

Autism Spectrum DisorderChild, HospitalizedIntellectual DisabilityPractice Patterns, Physicians'Psychotropic DrugsAdolescentAntidepressive AgentsAntipsychotic AgentsChildChild, PreschoolChinaComorbidityFemaleHospitalizationHumansMaleAntidepressive AgentsAntipsychotic AgentsPsychotropic DrugsAutism spectrum disorderComorbidityInpatient mental health careIntellectual disabilityPsychotropic medication

Identifiers

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.