Evidence mapPaperPMID 40140787Full record

SynthesisBMC cardiovascular disorders2025

Effects of exercise combined with different dietary interventions on cardiovascular health a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Yang Hei, Yongchao Xie

Abstract readSystematic ReviewNetwork Meta-Analysis
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMC cardiovascular disorders, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Yang HeiDepartment of Physical Education, College of Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
Yongchao XieCentre for Sport Nutrition and Health, Centre for Nutritional Ecology, School of Physical Education (Main Campus), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China. 15637175236@163.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundNumerous studies have shown that exercise and dietary interventions positively impact CVD outcomes; however, there is substantial variability in the efficacy of different interventions. The absence of direct comparisons between multiple interventions complicates the determination of their relative effects. This study aims to synthesize the literature on the impacts of exercise, dietary, and combined interventions on cardiovascular health indicators, and to perform a network meta-analysis to rank the efficacy of these approaches, providing a theoretical foundation for selecting optimal intervention strategies.

methodsWe systematically reviewed the literature from database inception through September 2024, searching PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Data were aggregated and analyzed using network meta-analysis, with intervention efficacy ranked according to Surface Under the Cumulative Ranking (SUCRA) curves.

resultsThe efficacy of these interventions was ranked as follows: 1). Triglycerides (TG) Reduction: CR + EX > CR > 5/2F + EX > TRF + EX > KD > 5/2F > KD + EX > EX > CON > TRF. 2). Total Cholesterol (TC) Reduction: CR + EX > CR > 5/2F + EX > 5/2F > TRF + EX > EX > CON > KD > TRF > KD + EX. 3). High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Increase: 5/2F > KD > KD + EX > TRF + EX > CON > EX > TRF > 5/2F + EX > CR + EX > CR. 4). Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Reduction: CR + EX > CR > TRF + EX > KD + EX > EX > KD > 5/2F > CON > 5/2F + EX > TRF. 5). Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) Reduction: 5/2F > CR + EX > CR > EX > TRF > TRF + EX > CON > 5/2F + EX. 6). Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) Reduction: CR > CR + EX > TRF > 5/2F > TRF + EX > EX > CON > 5/2F + EX.

conclusionCR and CR + EX demonstrated the most positive effects on cardiovascular health indicators. In contrast, 5/2F + EX ranked relatively low in effectiveness, with its impact on several indicators being even lower than that of CON.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesDiet, HealthyExerciseExercise TherapyHealthy LifestyleRisk Reduction BehaviorAdultAgedBiomarkersFemaleHeart Disease Risk FactorsHumansLipidsMaleMiddle AgedProtective FactorsBiomarkersLipidsCaloric restrictionCardiovascular HealthExerciseIntermittent fastingKetogenic diet

Identifiers

PMID40140787
PMCPMC11938602

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.