Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40140836›Full record

ArticleBMC health services research2025

Real world initiation of newly funded empagliflozin and dulaglutide under special authority for patients with type 2 diabetes in New Zealand.

Lynne Chepulis, Mark Rodrigues, Han Gan, Rawiri Keenan, Tim Kenealy, Rinki Murphy, Leanne Te Karu, Jo Scott-Jones, Penny Clark, Allan Moffitt and 3 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC health services research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Lynne ChepulisWaikato Medical Research Centre, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, New Zealand. Lynnec@waikato.ac.nz.
Mark RodriguesWaikato Medical Research Centre, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, New Zealand.
Han GanSchool of Computing and Mathematical Scienes, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand.
Rawiri KeenanWaikato Medical Research Centre, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, New Zealand.
Tim KenealyFaculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Rinki MurphyFaculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Leanne Te KaruFaculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Jo Scott-JonesMidlands Health Network, Hamilton, New Zealand.
Penny ClarkNorthcare Medical Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand.
Allan MoffittProcare Health Limited, Auckland, New Zealand.
Sara MustafaWaikato Medical Research Centre, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, New Zealand.
Ross LawrensonWaikato Medical Research Centre, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, New Zealand.
Ryan PaulWaikato Medical Research Centre, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, New Zealand.

Funding

Health Research Council of New Zealand 21/839
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundType 2 diabetes (T2D) is sub-optimally managed for many in Aotearoa New Zealand, and disproportionately affects Māori and Pacific peoples. In February 2021, SGLT2i/GLP1RA agents were funded for use for the first time with prioritisation for Māori, Pacific and those with cardiovascular and/or renal disease or risk (CVRD). This study evaluates the impact of health system factors on initiation of SGLT2i/GLP1RA therapy.

methodsPrimary care data was collected for patients with T2D aged 18-75 years from four primary care organisations (302 general practices) in the Auckland / Waikato region of New Zealand (Feb 2021 - July 2022). Initiation of SGLT2i/GLP1RA therapy was reviewed by patient (age, gender, ethnicity, CVRD status) and health system variables (funding, provider type, staffing, patient numbers, rurality, after-hours access). Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio of a patient being dispensed SGLT2i/GLP1RA.

resultsOf 57,743 patients with T2D, 22,331 were eligible for funded SGLT2i/GLP1RA access and 10,272 of those (46.0%) were prescribed. Initiation of therapy was highest in Māori (50.8%) and Pacific (48.8%) patients (vs. 36·2-40·7% of other ethnic groups; P < 0.001), but was comparable in those with and without CVRD (47·1% vs. 48·9%; P = 0.2). Prescribing was highest in practices with higher doctor/patient numbers, low-cost fees, Māori health providers and clinics without after-hours access.

conclusionPrioritised access for SGLT2i/GLP1RA appears to be associated with a reduced health equity gap for Māori and Pacific patients with T2D in NZ, but work is required to improve prescribing for patients with CVRD.

Indexed as

Benzhydryl CompoundsDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Glucagon-Like PeptidesGlucosidesHypoglycemic AgentsRecombinant Fusion ProteinsSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsAdolescentAdultAgedFemaleGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsHumansImmunoglobulin Fc FragmentsMaleMiddle AgedBenzhydryl CompoundsdulaglutideempagliflozinGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsGlucagon-Like PeptidesGlucosidesHypoglycemic AgentsImmunoglobulin Fc FragmentsRecombinant Fusion ProteinsSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsGLP1RAHealth system accessSGLT2iType 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID40140836
PMCPMC11938655

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.