Evidence mapPaperPMID 40140837Full record

ArticleCardiovascular diabetology2025

Cardiovascular abnormalities already occurred in newly-diagnosed patients with early-onset type 2 diabetes.

Hong Lian, Qian Ren, Wei Liu, Rui Zhang, Xiantong Zou, Simin Zhang, Yingying Luo, Wei Deng, Qiuping Wang, Lin Qi and 22 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cardiovascular diabetology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

32 authors.

Hong Lian *Department of Endocrinology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China.
Qian Ren *Department of Endocrinology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China.
Wei LiuDepartment of Endocrinology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China.
Rui ZhangDepartment of Endocrinology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China.
Xiantong ZouDepartment of Endocrinology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China.
Simin ZhangDepartment of Endocrinology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China.
Yingying LuoDepartment of Endocrinology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China.
Wei DengDepartment of Endocrinology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, 100035, People's Republic of China.
Qiuping WangDepartment of Endocrinology, Bejing Fangshan District Liangxiang Hospital, Beijing, 102400, People's Republic of China.
Lin QiDepartment of Endocrinology, Bejing Yanhua Hospital, Beijing, 102500, People's Republic of China.
Yufeng LiDepartment of Endocrinology, Beijing Pinggu Hospital, Beijing, 101299, People's Republic of China.
Wenbo WangDepartment of Endocrinology, Beijing Univesity Shougang Hospital, Beijing, 100144, People's Republic of China.
Liyong ZhongDepartment of Endocrinology, Capital Medical University Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.
Pengkai ZhangDepartment of Endocrinology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China.
Chengcheng GuoDepartment of Endocrinology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China.
Li LiDepartment of Endocrinology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China.
Yating LiDepartment of Endocrinology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China.
Tianhao BaDepartment of Endocrinology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China.
Chaochao YangDepartment of Endocrinology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China.
Lili HuoDepartment of Endocrinology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, 100035, People's Republic of China.
Yan'ai WangDepartment of Endocrinology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, 100035, People's Republic of China.
Chunxia LiDepartment of Endocrinology, Bejing Fangshan District Liangxiang Hospital, Beijing, 102400, People's Republic of China.
Dejun HaoDepartment of Endocrinology, Bejing Yanhua Hospital, Beijing, 102500, People's Republic of China.
Yajing ZhangDepartment of Endocrinology, Beijing Pinggu Hospital, Beijing, 101299, People's Republic of China.
Yan XuDepartment of Endocrinology, Beijing Univesity Shougang Hospital, Beijing, 100144, People's Republic of China.
Fang WangDepartment of Endocrinology, Capital Medical University Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.
Xiangqing WangDepartment of Endocrinology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China.
Fang ZhangDepartment of Endocrinology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China.
Siqian GongDepartment of Endocrinology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China.
Wenjia YangDepartment of Endocrinology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China.
Xueyao HanDepartment of Endocrinology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China. xueyaohan@sina.com.ORCID 0000-0002-2387-4937
Linong JiDepartment of Endocrinology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China. jiln@bjmu.edu.cn.ORCID 0000-0002-3262-2168

Funding

Beijing Municipal Science and Technology committee Fund Z201100005520012
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe prevalence of early-onset type 2 diabetes (EOD) is rapidly increasing. This study intends to screen for early cardiovascular abnormalities in patients newly diagnosed with EOD and evaluate the cardiovascular risk across cluster phenotypes.

methodA total of 400 patients ≤ 40 years old with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes were enrolled from the START cohort (the Study of The newly diAgnosed eaRly onset diabeTes). Cluster classification was performed using the K-means method based on age, BMI, HbA1c, HOMA2-β, HOMA2-IR, and GAD antibodies. Echocardiography and carotid ultrasound were performed within 3 months of diabetes diagnosis. Carotid ultrasound abnormalities included intimal thickening and plaque formation, while echocardiography assessed changes in cardiac structure and systolic/diastolic function. Cluster-specific partitioned polygenic scores (pPS) were used to validate our findings from a genetic perspective.

resultCarotid artery abnormalities were detected in 26.3% of patients, and echocardiography abnormalities were observed in 20.0%. Patients with severe insulin resistant diabetes (SIRD) had the highest incidence of carotid artery abnormality (40.0%). After adjusting for relevant risk factors, fasting C-peptide levels were significantly associated with a 1.247-fold increase in the risk of carotid artery abnormalities. Left atrial enlargement was more prevalent in the SIRD (16.7%) and mild obesity-related diabetes (MOD) (18.5%) classifications. A high proportion of patients with SIRD had abnormal left ventricular geometry (36.1%). Increases in BMI, fasting C-peptide level and HOMA2IR were accompanied by a further increase in left atrial enlargement risk by 1.136-, 1.781- and 1.687-fold respectively. The pPS for lipodystrophy was higher in the EOD group with plaque formation, and showed a significant linear correlation with the ratio of the left atrial anteroposterior diameter to body surface area (LAAP/BSA) (R = 0.344, p < 0.001).

conclusionHeart and carotid artery abnormalities are common in patients with early-onset T2DM at the time of diagnosis. Patients with obesity and insulin resistance are at higher risk for cardiovascular abnormalities. Cluster classification based on clinical characteristics enables more accurate identification of patients at increased risk of cardiovascular complications at an early stage.

Indexed as

Carotid Artery DiseasesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2AdultAge of OnsetBiomarkersFemaleGlycated HemoglobinHeart Disease Risk FactorsHumansIncidenceInsulin ResistanceMalePhenotypePrevalencePrognosisRisk AssessmentBiomarkersGlycated Hemoglobinhemoglobin A1c protein, humanCardiovascular abnormalityCluster classificationEarly-onset type 2 diabetesMODPartitioned polygenic scoresSIRD

Identifiers

PMID40140837
PMCPMC11948644

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.